Rare Disease In America What Is Thyroid Cancer - 2200 Words

Rare Disease In America: What Is Thyroid Cancer? (Research Paper Sample) Content: Students NameInstructors NameTopic: THYROID CANCERDateIntroductionCancer has been one of the most deadly diseases of all time in the history of mankind. Not only has it robbed people's friends and loved ones, it has also robbed the countries of the world some of the most productive people and game changers that have and could have impacted the world in a positive way. Cancer is a disease that has robbed us as people, freedom of what we eat, drink, wear and also activities that we should engage in. it has denied us the freedom of doing what we want because nowadays, it seems majority of what is being used in everyday life contains some cancer causing agents, don't expose yourself too much to the sun, the ultra violet radiations cause cancer, don't eat this type of food, it has chemicals that trigger cancer, and as Milton writes, such actions coupled with genetic inheritance and lifestyle choices being touted as major causes of Cancer (Milton, Page 83). Cancer is just a n animal, wiping away people at very young ages, making life more difficult due to expensive medical bills and treatments. This in turn causes psychological pain and trauma to the affected and their families because the pain is just too much to handle. Its a parasite, eating away the human immunity system slowly by slowly until they die.Statistics show, for instance in the year twenty twelve, eight point two million people died of cancer. In addition to that, about four million people are diagnosed with cancer each year. This is a number approximately equal to the population of a small country say the Vatican being wiped out in a span of three hundred and sixty five days. The leading cancer cases are mostly lung cancer, due to smoking, followed by liver and colorectal then lastly breast cancer. Other than those common cases, thyroid cancer comes into the picture wreaking havoc just like the others even though its a relatively new type of cancer. In this paper, questions about the d isease, the causes, effects and remedies will be discussed just to get a better understanding of what it is all about.Thesis statement: Thyroid cancer is a very rare disease in America, however the rate at which people are being diagnosed with thyroid cancer is growing hence there is cause for alarm in the medical field. Thanks to technological advancements, thyroid cancer cases that were not being detected back then are beginning to be discovered by doctors now, meaning that there is hope for this generation.What is Thyroid cancer?This is a type of cancer that develops in the thyroid cells in the thyroid gland. His begs the question what is the thyroid gland? The thyroid gland is a gland located at the front side of the neck, specifically at the bottom of the Adams apple. It is a negligible part of the body because in most cases or people, this gland cant be felt, neither can it be seen. The thyroid has two projections, the left projection and the right projection, that is put tog ether by a narrow tissue called the isthmus. Freedman writes that the primary function of the thyroid gland is to secrete some of the hormones that are responsible in the regulation of the heart rate, temperature regulation, body weight regulation and blood pressure regulation (Freedman, Pg 6).The thyroid works in the following mechanism; there are two primary thyroid cells that make the thyroid functional. One of the cells that take the iodine from the foods we eat and use it to manufacture hormones for the thyroids, which are responsible for metabolic regulation of the human body. These cells are called follicular cells. Excessive secretion of this hormone brings about fast heart rates, insomnia, feeling nervous, abnormal hunger pangs and higher body temperature than usual. On the other hand a little of the thyroid hormones cause a slowing in the metabolic rate, weight gain and exhaustion, the thyroid hormone production is also controlled by a gland called pituitary which is locat ed at the bottom of the brain. These cells are called the follicular cells (Rosenthal, Pg 32).The gland produces the thyroid stimulating hormone that is responsible for the regulation of the thyroid hormone. The second cell found in the thyroid gland is the C cells. The C cell is responsible for the production of another hormone that assists in the regulation of how calcium is used in the body. This hormone is called calcitonin.StatisticsThyroid cancer mostly affects people who are aged thirty and above and also those over sixty years old. Between the two genders, women have the higher chances at the rate of about 3 to one. In nine out of ten people living with papillary carcinoma, there is a lifespan of five years after discovery, eight out of ten with follicular carcinoma too have a lifespan of five years and also sit to seven out of ten with medullary carcinoma also live for five years after the disease is discovered. After treatment as noted in the book Thyroid Cancer, the canc er might recur in another place in the body for instance the lungs and the bones, but this is often treatable when detected earlier (Freedman, Pg 39).Children on the other hand also have a high risk of obtaining thyroid cancer especially those that live near factories that deal with nuclear weapons and energy. Accidents that occur in these plants increase the risk of the children to acquire thyroid cancer. For instance, an incident in nineteen eighty six where thyroid cancer affected lots of children after a fateful accident. Many of them were exposed to radioactive emissions hence the reports got higher during that time. Those children who incorporated high amounts of iodine in their meals are the ones who had reduced risks of thyroid cancer. For the various cases of thyroid cancer, the survival rates are different with survival rates of 96 and 93% for patients with papillary carcinoma, 91 and 85% for follicular, 91 and 76% for Hrthle cell, 80 and 75% for medullary and 14% for undi fferentiated/anaplastic carcinoma (Biersack, H. J, and F Grünwald Pg 9).Causes of thyroid cancerThyroid cancer occurs when there is an abnormal growth of the thyroid cells usually caused by an alteration in the DNA in the thyroid cells, hence producing the lump. These changes causes the cells to mutate that are causing the cells not to die after their lifespan is over, and continued accumulation of the thyroid cells bring up an inflammation called a tumor. These cells then attack tissues near the thyroids and spread to other parts of the body.We might not really conclude that the cause might be as a result of faulty DNA strands form the father or the mother of the child because some of the cancer patients diagnosed with this disease don't have a family record of cancer, though we cannot rule out the fact that it is a risk if there are people with genetic disorders such as familial medullary cancer of the thyroid. The risks of acquiring thyroid cancer are real and some of them in clude, the females, who as earlier mentioned have a higher risk of getting thyroid cancer than men, their likelihood of getting thyroid cancer spans between the age of forty and fifty while men get at the age of around sixty or seventy.There is also the exposition of children or any other person to radiation, especially those that undergo radiotherapy after accidents or in factories that deal with nuclear energy or the testing of weapons. Those undergoing radiotherapy in the head or the neck face the greatest threat due to the location of the thyroid gland (Milton, pg 57).Types of thyroid cancer:There are five types of thyroid cancer which include:Papillary Thyroid Cancer. This type of cancer is caused by the infection of the cells from the follicles which are responsible for the storage and production of the hormones of the thyroids. This is a common type of thyroid cancer and it is called the Papillary thyroid cancer. This form of cancer affects people of all ages, but mostly affe cts persons who are from thirty to fifty years old (Biersack and Grünwald Pg 11).There is a more intense kind of thyroid cancer called the follicular thyroid cancer that also comes from the follicle cells in the thyroid gland. Mostly affects people who are over fifty years, though rare, its considered a deadly type of cancerThyroid cancer that occurs in the C cells which are responsible for the production of calcitonin which aids in the regulation of the use of calcium in the body, this form of cancer is called the medullary thyroid cancer. The high production of the hormone calcitonin is a major indicator of this type of cancer. It is said to be genetic, but this has been discovered in very few cases.There is also another uncommon but deadly form of thyroid cancer called Anaplastic thyroid cancer and it mostly affects the people over sixty years old.The last type of cancer that mostly occurs in some adults is called Thyroid lymphoma that originates from the cells that are at wo rk in the immune system of the thyroid and spreads rapidly in other parts of the body.Signs and symptoms of thyroid cancer:The symptoms of thyroid cancer don't usually appear earlier but one can observe noticeable signs when the cancer begins to develop such as:The occurrence of a lump that is usually visible and can be felt in the skin. This lump grows bigger at a fast rate. Remember the thyroid lobes are very indistinct as one can almost not feel them when one touches the neck muscles. According to Freedman, there is a visible adjustment in ones voice as it becomes husky and hoarse and the hoarseness stays for a very long time. One can also experience a lot of hardship in the s...

Copal, the Blood of Trees Ancient American Incense

Copal is a smoky sweet incense derived from tree sap that was used by ancient North American Aztec and Maya cultures in a range of ritual ceremonies. The incense was made from the fresh sap of trees: copal sap is one of the numerous resinous oils which are harvested from the bark of certain trees or shrubs around the world. Although the word copal derives from the Nahuatl (Aztec) word copalli, copal is today used generically to refer to gums and resins from trees throughout the world. Copal made its way into English by way of a 1577 English translation of the Native American pharmacological traditions compiled by the 16th-century Spanish physician Nicolà ¡s Monardes . This article speaks primarily to North American copals; see Tree Resins and Archaeology for further information about other copals. Using Copal A number of hardened tree resins were used as aromatic incense by most pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures for a variety of rituals. Resins were considered the blood of trees. The versatile resin was also used as a binder for pigments used on Maya murals; in the Hispanic period, copal was used in the lost wax technique of making jewelry. The 16th-century Spanish friar Bernardino de Sahagun reported that the Aztec people used copal as makeup, adhesives for masks, and in dentistry where copal was mixed with calcium phosphate to affix precious stones to teeth. Copal was also used as a chewing gum and a medicine for various ailments. A handful of studies have been conducted on the extensive materials recovered from the Great Temple (Templo Mayor) at the Aztec capital city of Tenochtitlan. These artifacts were found in stone boxes beneath the buildings or directly buried as part of construction fill. Among the copal-associated artifacts were figurines, lumps and bars of copal, and ceremonial knives with copal adhesive at the base. Archaeologist Naoli Lona (2012) examined 300 pieces of copal found at the Templo Mayor, including about 80 figurines. She discovered they had been made with an inner core of copal, which was then covered with a layer of stucco and formed by a double-sided mold. The figurines were then painted and given paper garments or flags. A Variety of Species Historic references to copal use include the Mayan book the Popol Vuh, which includes a long passage describing how the sun, moon, and stars arrived on earth bringing copal with them. This document also makes it clear that the Maya collected distinct types of resin from different plants; Sahagun has also written that Aztec copal also came from a variety of plants. Most often, American copals are resins from various members of the tropical Burseraceae (torchwood) family. Other resin-bearing plants that are known or suspected of being American sources of copal include Hymenaea, a legume; Pinus (pines or pinyons); Jatropha (spurges); and Rhus (sumac). There are between 35–100 members of the Burseraceae family in the Americas. Bursera are highly resinous and release a characteristic pine-lemony odor when a leaf or branch is broken. Various Bursera members which are known or suspected to have been used in Maya and Aztec communities are B. bipinnata, B. stenophylla, B. simaruba, B. grandifola, B. excelsa, B. laxiflora, B. penicillata, and B. copalifera. All of these generate resins suitable for copal. Gas-chromatography has been used to attempt to resolve the identification issue, but it has proven difficult to identify the specific tree from an archaeological deposit because the resins have very similar molecular compositions. After an extensive study on the examples from the Templo Mayor, Mexican archaeologist Mathe Lucero-Gomez and colleagues believe they have identified an Aztec preference for B. bipinnata and/or B. stenophylla. Varieties of Copal Several varieties of copal are recognized in historic and modern markets in Central and North America, partly based on what plant the resin came from, but also on the harvesting and processing method used. Wild copal, also called gum or stone copal, exudes naturally as a result of invasive insect attacks through the bark of the tree, as greyish drops which serve to plug the holes. Harvesters use a curved knife to cut or scrape the fresh drops off the bark, which are combined into a soft round glob. Other layers of gum are added on until the desired shape and size is achieved. The external layer is then smoothed or polished and subjected to heat to enhance the adhesive properties and consolidate the mass. White, Gold, and Black Copals The favored type of copal is white copal (copal blanco or the saint, penca or agave leaf copal), and it is obtained by making diagonal cuts through the bark into the trunk or branches of a tree. The milky sap flows along the channel of the cuts down the tree to a container (an agave or aloe leaf or a gourd) placed at the foot. The sap hardens in the shape of its container and brought to market without further processing. According to Hispanic records, this form of the resin was used as an Aztec tribute, and pochteca traders transported from the outlying subject provinces to Tenochtitlan. Every 80 days, so it was said, 8,000 packages of wild copal wrapped in maize leaves and 400 baskets of white copal in bars were brought into Tenochtitlan as part of a tribute payment. Copal oro (gold copal) is resin which is obtained by the complete removal of the bark of a tree, and copal negro (black copal) is said to be obtained from beating the bark. Processing Methods Historically, the Lacandà ³n Maya made copal from the pitch pine tree (Pinus pseudostrobus), using the white copal method described above, and then the bars were pounded into a thick paste and stored in large gourd bowls to be burned as incense as food for the gods. The Lacandà ³n also fashioned nodules, shaped like maize ears and kernels: some evidence suggests copal incense was spiritually connected to maize for Maya groups. Some of the copal offerings from Chichen Itzas sacred well were painted greenish blue and embedded pieces of worked jade. The method used by the Maya Chorti included collecting the gum, letting it dry for a day and then boiling it with water for some eight to ten hours. The gum rises to the surface and is skimmed off with a gourd dipper. The gum is then placed into cold water to harden somewhat, then shaped into round, elongated pellets about the size of a cigar, or into disks about the size of a small coin. After it becomes hard and brittle, the copal is wrapped into corn shucks and either used or sold in the market. Sources Case RJ, Tucker AO, Maciarello MJ, and Wheeler KA. 2003. Chemistry and ethnobotany of commercial incense copals copal Economic Botany 57(2):189-202.blanco, copal oro, and copal negro, of North America.Gifford EK. 2013. Organic and Inorganic Chemical Characterization of Artifacts from the Emanuel Point Shipwrecks. Pensacola: University of West Florida.Lona NV. 2012. Objects made of copal resin: a radiological analysis. Boletà ­n de la Sociedad Geolà ³gica Mexicana 64(2):207-213.Lucero-Gà ³mez P, Mathe C, Vieillescazes C, Bucio L, Belio I, and Vega R. 2014. Analysis of Mexican reference standards for Bursera spp. resins by Gas Journal of Archaeological Science 41(0):679-690. Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and application to archaeological objects.Penney D, Wadsworth C, Fox G, Kennedy SL, Preziosi RF, and Brown TA. 2013. Absence PLoS ONE 8(9):e73150. of ancient DNA in sub-fossil insect inclusions preserved in ‘anthropocene’ Colombian copal.

The Cardiovascular System Responses During Submaximal...

INTRODUCTION Information on cardiovascular differences between the sexes is necessary for allied health professionals to best adapt rehabilitation exercises for the patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The cardiovascular system has to adjust in response to metabolic demands of working muscles during exercise. Gender-related differences on how the body meets the increased demands while still maintaining homeostatic arterial blood pressure has been widely researched (CITE). There is some support that vaso-regulation differences are due to female sex hormones (estrogen, in particular estradiol), and less sympathetic nervous system influence when compared to males (CITE). Additionally, body composition (higher muscle mass in males) and substrate utilisation (more lipid substrate utilisation in females) have been found to have significant effects on the cardiovascular system responses during submaximal exercise (CITE). Upper body exercise has been found to create more stress on the cardiovasc ular system compared to lower body exercise (CITE). The primary causes of death in the Australian population are directly or indirectly related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (CITE). Although, men are at greater risk for developing CVD, women have been found to have a higher morbidity rate post-surgery (CITE). Additionally, the presentation of symptoms for female differs to that of their male counterparts (CITE). Thus, further investigation to better understand the differencesShow MoreRelatedHealth And Fitness Criteria For Cardiovascular Diseases5543 Words   |  23 Pageswill memorize the signs and symptoms of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and metabolic diseases. Comprehension 1. The student will estimate and calculate heart rate, mean axis deviation, and rhythms from ECG strip. 2. The student will interpret basic principles of 12-lead ECG, fitness assessments, exercise testing, and exercise prescription techniques. Application 1. The student will be able to determine if doctor approval is needed in order to prescribe an exercise program and determine if medical supervision

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My Senior Year Story My Senior Year Story - 2049 Words

Senior Year My senior year story, 7:35 am, when I get in the door ways of Clever High i see the band already putting up posters even though know one really joins.†Jordyn† I turn my head to see Maddie running towards me, she had just gotten out of rehab for her drug and alcohol addiction. Behind her was Rose , Rose was always pretending to be ok even though we all knew that she was getting raped by her dad at home. I always offered her a place to stay but she would never take it for some reason. â€Å"Hey babes† i said screaming down the hallway. â€Å" Have you seen Claire or Hyper†, Maddie says i could tell she had been drinking her breath reeked from Vodka. â€Å"No, have you been drinking† is say nervously â€Å" just a little to get the day started† she†¦show more content†¦We walked in to fist hour all together and Mr. Philips already had assigned seating, â€Å"Miss Hyper cant believe your on time today he says with a surprised face â€Å"cant believe you lost wait† Hyper mumbled rolling her eyes. Mr.Philps assigned me to sit by back, chance and jasmine. Jasmine and i were like best friends in middle school but when the popular train came she got on and i stayed at the train station. I remember saying hi to her in the hallway but she act like she didnt hear me. â€Å"This class is such a boar† chance said. I had always had a crush on him ever since we had math class last year., i tried so hard to get over him but i could never. â€Å"Youre telling me† becky said , becky is the leader of the LGBT group at school.Shes the girl that wears those â€Å"im a proud lesbian† shirts to school. â€Å"Hey Jordyn† jasmine says trying to be friendly. I grin a little and wave my hand like shes far away. â€Å"So are you going to my party to night?† Jasmine says â€Å"its a school night though† i say hoping no one else heard me. â€Å"So what its ditch day anyway tomorr ow and plus my parents are going out of town.† the typical high school popular kid when their parents go out of town. â€Å"I guess so† i said seaming uninterested but inside i was jumping up and down. â€Å"Good there will be really hot boy there trust me.† after 1st hour Hyper, Rose, Maddie and I go to our special series which is aka for a counseling help class that they try to make seem like a supportShow MoreRelatedHonoring The Elderly s Ministry1137 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinition of â€Å"Honoring the Elderly in Ministry,† is to include them in the core ministries of the church. Incorporating the seniors/elderly into the life of the church requires careful examination of the facets of the church life. 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A Civilization That Used Propaganda And Control Its People...

Another civilization that used propaganda to control its people is ancient Egypt. Between 2450 BCE and 2250 BCE, Egyptian elders wrote documents offering advice to their successors. One of these documents was written by the pharaoh, Wahkare, to his son, and another one was written by chief advisor, Ptah-hotep, to Egyptian citizens. These documents were a form of propaganda, and they were important because they instructed Egyptians to obey their pharaohs and their superiors, keeping social order, and keeping the powerful in power. In these documents, the elders instruct their successors to â€Å"[do] right for the king until death† (Egyptian Elders’ Advice to their Successors, MyHistoryLab, P. 27). The documents sought to keep rebels and revolutionaries’ voices suppressed so that Egyptian tradition would persist and Egypt would remain powerful. The elders warn their successors that â€Å"a talker is an exciter of a city [and to] divert the multitude and suppress its heat† (Egyptian Elders’ Advice to their Successors, MyHistoryLab, P. 23). The elders insist that their successors do not listen to a man with radical new ideas, but instead â€Å"copy [their] fathers and [their] ancestors† (Egyptian Elders’ Advice to their Successors, MyHistoryLab, P. 23). These documents reveal that Egyptian elders had great love for their empire and wanted to see their traditions live on after them. In one of these documents, the elder states that â€Å"a man works for him who was before him, through a desire thatShow MoreRelatedAchievements and Weaknesses of the Middle Kingdom and Its Downfall1316 Words   |  6 PagesIn Ancient Egypt, the Middle Kingdom is seen as one of its finest ages. This is because it was a time of ‘expanding political strength’ and ‘broader economic horizons’[1]. 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The Mad Woman in the Attic-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Analytical Study review any Film Play Performance, or a Pieces of Creative Writing. Answer: The Victorian era has witnessed a lot of remarkable changes in the thought process of female writers. The position of the women was challenged and they were analyzed from a different of view. It was first time seen after the romantic age that the patriarchal society was targeted and a new revolution came into being which is known as the feminist revolution. The rage of feminism came as a blow to the patriarchal society. The contributors of the revolution were eminent feminist writers like Charlotte Bronte, Virginia Woolf, Mary Shelley, Emily Bronte, George Eliot and many other female writers. The essay majorly consists of the comparison of Jane Eyre with The Mad woman in the Attic. Mad Woman in the Attic was written by Gilbert and Gubar. This piece was the outcome of the inspiration of the character of Bertha Mason by Charlotte Bronte. Both the movies were the adaptation of the novels. The movies have portrayed a good picture of the novels. The stereotypical thought of treating the w oman was altered in the movie. The character of the woman in the Mad Woman in the Attic was in line with the character of Bertha Mason in Jane Eyre. The feminist point of view was highlighted in the movie. The similarity in the movie, the mad woman in the attic and Jane Eyre, lies in the similarity of the character of Bertha Mason of Jane Eyre. The comparison lies in the fact that both the characters are treated as an insane character. The character of Bertha Mason in the Jane Eyre and Mad Woman in the Attic the protagonist has been treated as the typical Victorian-era women who are found to be relatable with every woman who has been viewed by some other woman who has served as the emblem of early feminist characterizations. The most remarkable character in both the movies is Bertha Mason. She is also known as the most problematic character. She is the first wife of Rochester who is the male protagonist of the play. Within the entire time period of the movie no special account of herself was found. Her madness was evident in the movie. Her madness was the primary evident when her husband Rochester brought her back to England (Schulz and Youn 2016). It was then that her condition starte d getting deteriorated. The viewers get to see her in the worst form when her voice was less heard and she found to express herself through her rebellious actions. In the initial part of the movie she is audible only through her strange laughs and screams and incomprehensive babbling. She is made visible in the movie only in term of ghostly apparitions. There was one instance in the movie where she was lying on the bed and she gazed at Jane with a ghostly look. She attempted to set fire on Rochester`s bed. Bertha appears in the novel in the later half. The truth about her madness was revealed in the latter half of the movie. The sight of Bertha comes into the picture when the marriage of Rochester and Jane was stopped by Bertha. The only direct sight of Bertha comes into the picture when the second marriage of Rochester and Jane was about to occur (Poore 2016). There is a difference between being insane and mad. Charlotte Bronte portrayed Bertha as an insane woman in her novel. In the movie Bertha Mason was an insane lady who was not in her senses. In the movie, the Mad Woman in the Attic, the protagonist was portrayed as a mad woman. The fine line between mad and insane was mixed. The reason behind this was the background of the age that was the nineteenth century. The aspects of the Victorian age were prevalent in both the movies. Bertha was portrayed as the burden of Rochester. This was the common trait of the Victorian age (Johnson 2014). The revolt of Bertha signified the revolt of the female writers. The uprising of the female writers signified their revolt against the patriarchal society through their writings. The movie showcases the entire scenario of the Victorian era. The concept of sanity, insanity is prevalent in the movie. Bertha is placed in the both the movies in the position insane. In mad women in the attic, she is placed in the position of a mad woman. In the latter movie she is dysfunctional and biologically stated as a mad woman. She has been portrayed as a mad and ghostly woman whose actions are like a ghost and this add up to the gothic feature of the movie. The gothic feature has been portrayed in both the movies (Verheul and Hartmann 2016). However Bertha in Mad woman in the attic acted as a symbol of more generalizing the sense in which the female voice was often silenced or muffled in the nineteenth century both in the society and in literature. It is seen as an uncomfortable and disturbing voice (Tweed 2014). The voice of Bertha in the movie acts as the voice against the men who is against the truth and who do not wish to acknowledge the same. In the movie many critics reviewed and argued that the silence of Bertha has been perpetuated in another sense, by the ways in which a male-dominated literary history has tended to either demote the writings of women to a lower rank or to ignore all b ut very few of the many women from the Victorian age. The reason of this can be thought that it was the wish of the movie directors and the script writers to not make the voice of Bertha Mason audible to the rest world (Hood 2014). The movie can however be argued from the feminist point of view. The movie however moves around the life of an orphaned girl. Jane is the real protagonist of the movie who struggles to get over certain external and internal battles. She comes up to accept that she fell in love with her employer Mr. Rochester who was double her age. Her life turns upside down when she came to know about the ex-wife of Rochester. The more surprising thing for her was that the mad state of mind of his wife. The character of Jane has been portrayed in the movie as a groundbreaking, rebellious (Hillsburg 2017). On the contrary the character of Bertha has been termed as more rebellious and violent. She has been termed as crazy and mad. Eventually Bertha was found committing suicide and Jane married Rochester. One interesting part of the movie is that in spite of the fact that Bertha was an important figure in the movie, there was no single dialogue of her in the movie. In the movie Bertha did not speak a single word. In the movie the character of Bertha has been portrayed as a flesh-eating creature. The laugh of the character is like a demon and many critics have stated that there was something really mad about her. One school of critics opined that the reason behind this was the years of loneliness. The isolation of Bertha was the major reason behind her action. The bestial image of Bertha has been formed though there has been no proof of it. In the movie Bertha seeks to attain emancipation that was snatched away from her. Through her suicide she rejects the confinement that was imposed on her. The voice of Bertha represented the voice of many other women of the age (Fraser 2015). On the other hand the directors of the mad woman in the attic argued that Bertha Mason`s madness has been attributed to her features, `red eyes`, `black hairs`. The actor who portrayed the role of Bertha in the movie had attractive black hairs and red eyes. Her portrayal as an insane bestial woman is further problematic as a case of racial prejudice. It has been however noticed that the White Victorian Women possibly could not go mad. The movie therefore avoids the fact that people from all cultures would essentially have anger resulting in irrational behavior if suppressed by society and treated as a passive, second class citizen (Williams 2014). The directors of the film described Bertha as a woman of Creole descent. Even there were rumors regarding the presence of a strange woman in the house. The woman was no one nut Bertha Mason. The rumor was presented in the form of truth. This concept can be related to the idea that madness is usually reserved for women that do not conform to the Victorian code of conduct (Matta 2015). The movie contained a detailed narrative about the `Wide Sargasso Sea`. It becomes impossible to not see through the implied madness of Bertha but giving no account of it and no voice to her. The treatment of the director towards both the characters conform to the idea of having an essential madwoman or devil in the house, in order to affirm to the other woman`s status as `angel of the house` (Coon and Hassan 2015). The gothic romance attracts everyone with a deep tidal force. Part of the feeling of watching a gothic movie is the eroticism squirming to escape from just beneath the surface. The plot has been set on the gothic background. The background of the movie was set in the gothic environment. The dark hero of the story is not Rochester that is for sure. The twenty-year old Australian born Mia Wasikowska gives a self-possessed performance in the leading role as Jane Eyre in the movie. She carries the appropriate style of Jane Eyre, with the bonnets and the middle-parting and fiercely self-deprecatory references to her own plainness as only a sensationally beautiful film star can (Woodcock 2014). Michael Fassbender plays the role of Rochester with a measured observant intensity which mirrors Wasikowska`s Jane. The treatment of other famously dramatic episodes that is the wedding scene and the outcome of Bertha Mason is rather brisk and especially compared with the unhurried way the rest of t he film dwells on the countryside, and Jane`s extremely lonely and frustrated place in it (Butler 2014). On the contrary the movie Mad Woman in the Attic, the quest women had in order to overcome their anxiety and be successful in the public world. Some of the quest hat has been portrayed in the movie are mimicry, revision and hiding. In the movie the director did the task of recovering the body of female literature as well the neglected female history that is clearly reflected in it. The attention to the patriarchal dominance and the liberal power of the creativity of women has been highlighted in the movie. The neglected women and the concept of male chauvinism are projected in the movie (Smith 2014). The oppression of the males against the females is brought out in the movie. The mental sickness is thought to be devilish. This is the case only for women. The sickness of a woman brought her moral down. This made her an immoral woman. The movie however focused more on the rebellion of the woman than the oppression. The attic was the space of escape for Bertha. The movie clearly brought out the raising of the voice of women. It was a hard hit to the entire Victorian age. It came as a hard blow to the male society and the breaking of the stereotypical thoughts (Brown 2017). Therefore while summing up the review and concluding the essay this can be mentioned that the breaking of the stereotypical thought was the ultimate aim of both the movies. The common content of both the movies was the empowerment of the feminist thought that was represented in the novel itself. Therefore, the character of Bertha Mason was a challenging character in the history of the Victorian era. The Victorian era was completely projected in the movie. Both the movies applied the theory of feminist to establish the character of Bertha and to prove the point that women were treated either as the devil or as angel. There was the belief that if the thought of woman did not match with the society she was considered to be insane. The rebel was a strong one in the movie and it was brought out in a marvelous manner. References Brown, C.A., 2017. Introduction: Women, Writing, Madness: Reframing Diaspora Aesthetics. InMadness in Black Womens Diasporic Fictions(pp. 1-16). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. Butler, K., 2014. Kristeva, Intertextuality, and Re-imagining" The Mad Woman in the Attic".Studies in the Literary Imagination,47(1), pp.129-147. Coon, E. and Hassan, A., 2015. 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