Natureview Farm Case Study Essay Example

Natureview Farm Case Study Paper Established in 1989, Natureview Farm, Inc. is a little yogurt producer. The current supervisory crew comprises of, Barry Landers, CEO, Jim Wagner, CFO, Christine Walker, VP of promoting, Walter Bellini, VP of deals, Jack Gottlieb, VP of activities, and Kelly Riley, colleague showcasing chief. In 1997, Natureview got value from an investment firm to help support key ventures. With legitimate administration and important vital speculations, Natureview had the option to develop its income from under $100,000 in 1989 to $13M in 1999. The issue the current supervisory group is confronted with now, in mid 2000, is that the funding firm needs to money out and Natureview needs to discover another speculator or position itself for obtaining. So as to do as such, Natureview needs to expand its yearly income from $13M to $20M, before the finish of 2001. NaturevieWs achievement in the normal nourishments channel is because of its accentuation on common fixings and its solid notoriety for high caliber and incredible taste. The exceptional procedure and normal fixings utilized by Natureview brings about a special mooth, velvety surface and a normal timeframe of realistic usability of 50 days versus its rivals items that have a multi day time span of usability. Extra supporters of its prosperity were the extension of extra flavors and cup sizes, solid associations with driving normal food retailers, and gorilla promoting strategies. Natureview entered the market with 8-oz. furthermore, 32-oz. cup sizes of plain and vanilla yogurt. They presently offer 12 flavors in 8-oz. cup size which speaks to 86% of income, and 4 flavors in 32-oz. up size ontributing 14% of income. At present, NaturevieWs items are just accessible in characteristic evolved way of life stores, and Natureview has solid associations with the main two, Whole Foods and Wild Oats. Sanctioned with the troublesome undertaking of building up a methodology to accomplish $20M in incomes before the finish of 2001 , the supervisory group created t hree alternatives for thought. The primary choice, suggested by Walter Bellini, is to venture into two select grocery store channel areas (eastern and western) with six SKUs of its 8-oz. roduct line. The preservationist projections of deals for this choice of 35 million units will bring about a steady $16. 1M of income (net makers offering cost after channels to advertise markup) coming about in roughly $29. 070M in yearly incomes. The subsequent choice, suggested by Jack Gottlieb, is to extend four SKUs of the 32-oz. size broadly. The projections of deals for this alternative of 5. 5 million units will bring about a gradual $9. 240M of income coming about in around $22. 214M in yearly incomes. We will compose a custom article test on Natureview Farm Case Study explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Natureview Farm Case Study explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Natureview Farm Case Study explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The third choice suggested by Kelly Riley, is to xpand its essence in the characteristic food channel by presenting two SKUs of another childrens multi-pack product offering, which is a six pack of 4-oz. cups. The projections of deals for this choice of 1. 8 million units will bring about a steady $3. 186M of income coming about in roughly $16. 317M in yearly incomes. In both the first and subsequent choice, venture into the general store channel may cause channel strife for Natureview and hazard to its 24% of yogurt deals through the characteristic food channel. Retail grocery store costs are commonly 15% lower than the normal food hannel which may constrain NaturevieWs customary channel to bring down their costs or general store channel presently could have longer term sway since market retailers will probably approve just a single natural yogurt brand, giving the principal brand to enter the channel a noteworthy first-mover advantage. Extra favorable circumstances to the first and subsequent choice are that grocery stores sold 97% of all yogurts overwhelmed by 46% of natural food shoppers buying from a market, contrasted with 29% at a characteristic food channel. Extra dangers of entering the general store channel are the ayment of one-time opening expenses of $10,000 per SKU per retail chain, steady SGA and publicizing costs, substantial dependence on specialists information on limited time and promoting prerequisites and a concentrated market with four driving contenders where the main two speak to over half of the market. Explicit to choice one, extra points of interest are the 8-oz. yogurt cups speak to 74% of all out classification grocery store deals in US dollars developing at a pace of 3% every year. Extra favorable circumstances of alternative two are in 32-oz. ogurt cups the most significant buy riteria were brand, lapse date, and value, giving Natureview a bit of leeway with its multi day normal time span of usability and the normal gross overall revenue of 43. 6% versus 36. 0% for 8-oz. line. Points of interest to choice three are absence of interruption to existing connections; the multi-pack spoke to 9% of class deals and is dev eloping by more than 12. 5%, and potential to return most grounded benefit commitment of the considerable number of methodologies illustrated. The drawback with alternative three is that the organization won't hit its income objective. As I would see it, the organization should seek after alternative one, since n request to draw in a financial specialist or get obtained, the yearly income creation of $20M is required. In spite of some potential divert struggle and decrease in existing common channel deals, alternative one would in any case permit them to accomplish this objective. Other common food brands including Silk Soymilk and Amys Organic Foods have had demonstrated accomplishment in the general store channel, expanding incomes 200% inside two years. Natureview may encounter a similar accomplishment by being the main natural yogurt item in store retail stores.

Valuing a Website Before You Sell :: Sell Websites Buy Websites

Esteeming a Website Before You Sell Reproduced with authorization of VotanWeb.com There is most likely no piece of the purchasing procedure that stresses a potential purchaser more than overpaying for a site. While this is justifiable (who needs to pay more than something is worth), it has more to do with falsehood and one's all out way to deal with purchasing a site than it does to being a specialist at examinations. In all actuality, esteem is totally emotional. All things considered, what one site might be worth to you is altogether not quite the same as what it is worth to the following individual. While there are situations where individuals may not arrange the most ideal cost for a decent site you should realize that no cost is sufficiently modest on the off chance that you purchase an inappropriate site. In time, a decent site will consistently legitimize the price tag though a terrible one may not ever permit you to recoup monetarily. What is Value? More or less, esteem must be estimated by what you are receiving as an end-result of your cash. You need to liken the price tag against the advantages you will determine over the term wherein you can sensibly hope to possess the site. For instance, you can't just quantify the price tag against the pay that you will get from a particular site. Shouldn't something be said about the day by day satisfactions you will get from working for yourself? Or then again, the feeling of achievement you will feel from building something? Possibly, the delight you will get from adding to the lives of others (for example representatives). Maybe it will originate from realizing that from the drudges of your work you have had the option to give certain things to your family that you would never at any point consider in the event that you were working for another person. A decent site will give bounteous compensations to you so with the end goal for you to genuinely gauge a website’s esteem you n eed to consider the entirety of the advantages that you remain to pick up. Likewise, you should factor in what you would never have accomplished on the off chance that you don't start a new business for yourself. Consider it along these lines: the normal individual takes 30 years to result a home loan and 4 years to take care of a vehicle. Neither one of these will pay you a compensation. While the two of them have their advantages, neither one of the ones approaches what you can get from a decent site most definitely.

Term paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Research paper Example Tragically, the certainty of the task and earnestness of my educator constrained me to put aside a few nights to contemplate your book. I never realized that it would have such an enduring effect in my life. A few pages down from the spread page were sufficient motivation to catch my consideration in totality. It was past my wild creative mind that a hard of hearing individual like you could be magnificently talented to concoct such a piece. As disparaging as this past explanation may sound, I should state that I for one don't peruse much from it as you have instructed me to value your instituted idea of â€Å"deafhood.† And since your book looked to persuade radical segments, I being incorporated, that hard of hearing networks are a long way from being objects of pity and generosity, I decide to view the hard of hearing society similarly as any culture as I even delve further into your book. As a youngster I have consistently attempted to make sense of what life as a Deaf individual is about. Strolling down the avenues you meet innumerable individuals with changed outward appearance. Some of them have grinning faces; others grimaced, while others show no feeling. Likewise, you experience individuals with various inabilities, for example, visually impaired, weak, among numerous others. Be that as it may, there is this extraordinary gathering you may never realize their incapacity not except if someone murmurs to your ears or you see them continually making some â€Å"funny† motions. I am discussing the hard of hearing individuals. Without a doubt the predicament of the hard of hearing is unfathomable. It is difficult for them to speak with greater part bunches as the dominant part bunch doesn't comprehend their language and neither do they comprehend the language of the lion's share gathering. Critical, however, the dominant part bunches can comprehend the language of the hard of hearing, yet the dead don't be able to comprehend the language of the larger part. It is at such cases that I generally stop and wonder why our strategy creators have neglected to perceive sign

Bending Stresses in a T-Beam Experiment free essay sample

Sensible and unquestionable examination results †¢ Optional TecQuipment’s Structures Software bundle for extra ‘virtual’ tests that reenact and affirm the outcomes from your equipment and permit broadened tests †¢ Optional STR2000 unit including TecQuipment’s Structures Software bundle for programmed information procurement and virtual investigations †¢ One of numerous compatible analysis modules from TecQuipment’s present day, adaptable and costeffective Structures showing framework †¢ Ideal for homeroom exhibits, or understudies working two by two or little gatherings. The trial equipment is a T-pillar that fits onto a Structures Test Frame (STR1, accessible independently). Understudies modify a heap cell that twists the bar and, when associated with the discretionary Digital Force Display (STR1a, accessible independently), it gauges the bowing power (load). Strain checks and a computerized strain connect measure the strains in the shaft. Sham strain measures make up for temperature variety and equalization the strain spans. The gear incorporates a lead for association with the Digital Force Display (STR1a, accessible independently). We will compose a custom paper test on Bowing Stresses in a T-Beam Experiment or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The teacher control gives subtleties of the gear including test try results. The understudy manage portrays how to utilize the hardware and gives test methodology. For extra ‘virtual’ tests, TecQuipment can gracefully the discretionary TecQuipment Structures Software (STRS), for use on a reasonable PC. The virtual analyses recreate the tests that you do with the equipment. They additionally expand the selection of tests than that accessible utilizing just the equipment, for instance: higher burdens, uniform burdens or distinctive test examples. This broadens the student’s learning experience. For programmed information procurement of your test results, TecQuipment can flexibly the discretionary Automatic Data Acquisition Unit (STR2000). Provided as standard with the STR2000 is TecQuipment’s Structures Software that presentations and logs your test results and gives the extra virtual analyses. Bowing Stress in a Beam Fundamental Ancillaries †¢ Structures Test Frame (STR1) †¢ Digital Force Display (STR1a) Recommended Ancillaries †¢ Structures Software (STRS) for virtual analyses or †¢ Automatic Data Acquisition Unit (STR2000) for programmed information procurement and virtual examinations Operating Conditions Operating condition: Laboratory condition Storage temperature run: â€25? C to +55? C (when pressed for transport) Operating temperature extend: +5? C to +40? C Operating relative dampness extend: 80% at temperatures 31? C diminishing straightly to half at 40? C Specification Nett measurements and weight: 880 x 210 x 100 mm, 6. 5 kg Packed measurements and weight: Approximately 0. 75 m3, 8 kg Load.

Existential Clutter

Existential Clutter I remember feeling a sense of dread whenever I returned home: two people sharing four bedrooms, three bathrooms, two living rooms, and one oversized basementâ€"all brimming with stuff. The decorations, the trinkets, the collectionsâ€"the accoutrements of a supposedly successful life cluttered every corner of my home. But it certainly didn’t feel successful. It felt chaotic and overwhelming, and I felt anxious as a result. I didnt realize it at the time, all those years ago, but my material possessions were just a physical manifestation of my internal life. My external clutter was internal clutter on display. Angst, distress, restlessnessâ€"all visible right there in my home. You see, physical clutter is tantamount to visual noise, and sustained noise is crazy-makingâ€"it leads to tension, stress, and despair. Mixed together, my external and internal clutter led ultimately to existential clutterâ€"a crisis of self. And the only way to silence the noise was to let go. In time, I figured out that my full house left little space for solace. But a more empty space is filled with silence. Perhaps, then, a full house isnt fullâ€"its noisy. And an empty space isnt emptyâ€"its full of opportunity. And when we make room for the silence, were able to clean up the emotional, mental, and spiritual clutter that drives us mad. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Rare Disease In America What Is Thyroid Cancer - 2200 Words

Rare Disease In America: What Is Thyroid Cancer? (Research Paper Sample) Content: Students NameInstructors NameTopic: THYROID CANCERDateIntroductionCancer has been one of the most deadly diseases of all time in the history of mankind. Not only has it robbed people's friends and loved ones, it has also robbed the countries of the world some of the most productive people and game changers that have and could have impacted the world in a positive way. Cancer is a disease that has robbed us as people, freedom of what we eat, drink, wear and also activities that we should engage in. it has denied us the freedom of doing what we want because nowadays, it seems majority of what is being used in everyday life contains some cancer causing agents, don't expose yourself too much to the sun, the ultra violet radiations cause cancer, don't eat this type of food, it has chemicals that trigger cancer, and as Milton writes, such actions coupled with genetic inheritance and lifestyle choices being touted as major causes of Cancer (Milton, Page 83). Cancer is just a n animal, wiping away people at very young ages, making life more difficult due to expensive medical bills and treatments. This in turn causes psychological pain and trauma to the affected and their families because the pain is just too much to handle. Its a parasite, eating away the human immunity system slowly by slowly until they die.Statistics show, for instance in the year twenty twelve, eight point two million people died of cancer. In addition to that, about four million people are diagnosed with cancer each year. This is a number approximately equal to the population of a small country say the Vatican being wiped out in a span of three hundred and sixty five days. The leading cancer cases are mostly lung cancer, due to smoking, followed by liver and colorectal then lastly breast cancer. Other than those common cases, thyroid cancer comes into the picture wreaking havoc just like the others even though its a relatively new type of cancer. In this paper, questions about the d isease, the causes, effects and remedies will be discussed just to get a better understanding of what it is all about.Thesis statement: Thyroid cancer is a very rare disease in America, however the rate at which people are being diagnosed with thyroid cancer is growing hence there is cause for alarm in the medical field. Thanks to technological advancements, thyroid cancer cases that were not being detected back then are beginning to be discovered by doctors now, meaning that there is hope for this generation.What is Thyroid cancer?This is a type of cancer that develops in the thyroid cells in the thyroid gland. His begs the question what is the thyroid gland? The thyroid gland is a gland located at the front side of the neck, specifically at the bottom of the Adams apple. It is a negligible part of the body because in most cases or people, this gland cant be felt, neither can it be seen. The thyroid has two projections, the left projection and the right projection, that is put tog ether by a narrow tissue called the isthmus. Freedman writes that the primary function of the thyroid gland is to secrete some of the hormones that are responsible in the regulation of the heart rate, temperature regulation, body weight regulation and blood pressure regulation (Freedman, Pg 6).The thyroid works in the following mechanism; there are two primary thyroid cells that make the thyroid functional. One of the cells that take the iodine from the foods we eat and use it to manufacture hormones for the thyroids, which are responsible for metabolic regulation of the human body. These cells are called follicular cells. Excessive secretion of this hormone brings about fast heart rates, insomnia, feeling nervous, abnormal hunger pangs and higher body temperature than usual. On the other hand a little of the thyroid hormones cause a slowing in the metabolic rate, weight gain and exhaustion, the thyroid hormone production is also controlled by a gland called pituitary which is locat ed at the bottom of the brain. These cells are called the follicular cells (Rosenthal, Pg 32).The gland produces the thyroid stimulating hormone that is responsible for the regulation of the thyroid hormone. The second cell found in the thyroid gland is the C cells. The C cell is responsible for the production of another hormone that assists in the regulation of how calcium is used in the body. This hormone is called calcitonin.StatisticsThyroid cancer mostly affects people who are aged thirty and above and also those over sixty years old. Between the two genders, women have the higher chances at the rate of about 3 to one. In nine out of ten people living with papillary carcinoma, there is a lifespan of five years after discovery, eight out of ten with follicular carcinoma too have a lifespan of five years and also sit to seven out of ten with medullary carcinoma also live for five years after the disease is discovered. After treatment as noted in the book Thyroid Cancer, the canc er might recur in another place in the body for instance the lungs and the bones, but this is often treatable when detected earlier (Freedman, Pg 39).Children on the other hand also have a high risk of obtaining thyroid cancer especially those that live near factories that deal with nuclear weapons and energy. Accidents that occur in these plants increase the risk of the children to acquire thyroid cancer. For instance, an incident in nineteen eighty six where thyroid cancer affected lots of children after a fateful accident. Many of them were exposed to radioactive emissions hence the reports got higher during that time. Those children who incorporated high amounts of iodine in their meals are the ones who had reduced risks of thyroid cancer. For the various cases of thyroid cancer, the survival rates are different with survival rates of 96 and 93% for patients with papillary carcinoma, 91 and 85% for follicular, 91 and 76% for Hrthle cell, 80 and 75% for medullary and 14% for undi fferentiated/anaplastic carcinoma (Biersack, H. J, and F Grünwald Pg 9).Causes of thyroid cancerThyroid cancer occurs when there is an abnormal growth of the thyroid cells usually caused by an alteration in the DNA in the thyroid cells, hence producing the lump. These changes causes the cells to mutate that are causing the cells not to die after their lifespan is over, and continued accumulation of the thyroid cells bring up an inflammation called a tumor. These cells then attack tissues near the thyroids and spread to other parts of the body.We might not really conclude that the cause might be as a result of faulty DNA strands form the father or the mother of the child because some of the cancer patients diagnosed with this disease don't have a family record of cancer, though we cannot rule out the fact that it is a risk if there are people with genetic disorders such as familial medullary cancer of the thyroid. The risks of acquiring thyroid cancer are real and some of them in clude, the females, who as earlier mentioned have a higher risk of getting thyroid cancer than men, their likelihood of getting thyroid cancer spans between the age of forty and fifty while men get at the age of around sixty or seventy.There is also the exposition of children or any other person to radiation, especially those that undergo radiotherapy after accidents or in factories that deal with nuclear energy or the testing of weapons. Those undergoing radiotherapy in the head or the neck face the greatest threat due to the location of the thyroid gland (Milton, pg 57).Types of thyroid cancer:There are five types of thyroid cancer which include:Papillary Thyroid Cancer. This type of cancer is caused by the infection of the cells from the follicles which are responsible for the storage and production of the hormones of the thyroids. This is a common type of thyroid cancer and it is called the Papillary thyroid cancer. This form of cancer affects people of all ages, but mostly affe cts persons who are from thirty to fifty years old (Biersack and Grünwald Pg 11).There is a more intense kind of thyroid cancer called the follicular thyroid cancer that also comes from the follicle cells in the thyroid gland. Mostly affects people who are over fifty years, though rare, its considered a deadly type of cancerThyroid cancer that occurs in the C cells which are responsible for the production of calcitonin which aids in the regulation of the use of calcium in the body, this form of cancer is called the medullary thyroid cancer. The high production of the hormone calcitonin is a major indicator of this type of cancer. It is said to be genetic, but this has been discovered in very few cases.There is also another uncommon but deadly form of thyroid cancer called Anaplastic thyroid cancer and it mostly affects the people over sixty years old.The last type of cancer that mostly occurs in some adults is called Thyroid lymphoma that originates from the cells that are at wo rk in the immune system of the thyroid and spreads rapidly in other parts of the body.Signs and symptoms of thyroid cancer:The symptoms of thyroid cancer don't usually appear earlier but one can observe noticeable signs when the cancer begins to develop such as:The occurrence of a lump that is usually visible and can be felt in the skin. This lump grows bigger at a fast rate. Remember the thyroid lobes are very indistinct as one can almost not feel them when one touches the neck muscles. According to Freedman, there is a visible adjustment in ones voice as it becomes husky and hoarse and the hoarseness stays for a very long time. One can also experience a lot of hardship in the s...

Copal, the Blood of Trees Ancient American Incense

Copal is a smoky sweet incense derived from tree sap that was used by ancient North American Aztec and Maya cultures in a range of ritual ceremonies. The incense was made from the fresh sap of trees: copal sap is one of the numerous resinous oils which are harvested from the bark of certain trees or shrubs around the world. Although the word copal derives from the Nahuatl (Aztec) word copalli, copal is today used generically to refer to gums and resins from trees throughout the world. Copal made its way into English by way of a 1577 English translation of the Native American pharmacological traditions compiled by the 16th-century Spanish physician Nicolà ¡s Monardes . This article speaks primarily to North American copals; see Tree Resins and Archaeology for further information about other copals. Using Copal A number of hardened tree resins were used as aromatic incense by most pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures for a variety of rituals. Resins were considered the blood of trees. The versatile resin was also used as a binder for pigments used on Maya murals; in the Hispanic period, copal was used in the lost wax technique of making jewelry. The 16th-century Spanish friar Bernardino de Sahagun reported that the Aztec people used copal as makeup, adhesives for masks, and in dentistry where copal was mixed with calcium phosphate to affix precious stones to teeth. Copal was also used as a chewing gum and a medicine for various ailments. A handful of studies have been conducted on the extensive materials recovered from the Great Temple (Templo Mayor) at the Aztec capital city of Tenochtitlan. These artifacts were found in stone boxes beneath the buildings or directly buried as part of construction fill. Among the copal-associated artifacts were figurines, lumps and bars of copal, and ceremonial knives with copal adhesive at the base. Archaeologist Naoli Lona (2012) examined 300 pieces of copal found at the Templo Mayor, including about 80 figurines. She discovered they had been made with an inner core of copal, which was then covered with a layer of stucco and formed by a double-sided mold. The figurines were then painted and given paper garments or flags. A Variety of Species Historic references to copal use include the Mayan book the Popol Vuh, which includes a long passage describing how the sun, moon, and stars arrived on earth bringing copal with them. This document also makes it clear that the Maya collected distinct types of resin from different plants; Sahagun has also written that Aztec copal also came from a variety of plants. Most often, American copals are resins from various members of the tropical Burseraceae (torchwood) family. Other resin-bearing plants that are known or suspected of being American sources of copal include Hymenaea, a legume; Pinus (pines or pinyons); Jatropha (spurges); and Rhus (sumac). There are between 35–100 members of the Burseraceae family in the Americas. Bursera are highly resinous and release a characteristic pine-lemony odor when a leaf or branch is broken. Various Bursera members which are known or suspected to have been used in Maya and Aztec communities are B. bipinnata, B. stenophylla, B. simaruba, B. grandifola, B. excelsa, B. laxiflora, B. penicillata, and B. copalifera. All of these generate resins suitable for copal. Gas-chromatography has been used to attempt to resolve the identification issue, but it has proven difficult to identify the specific tree from an archaeological deposit because the resins have very similar molecular compositions. After an extensive study on the examples from the Templo Mayor, Mexican archaeologist Mathe Lucero-Gomez and colleagues believe they have identified an Aztec preference for B. bipinnata and/or B. stenophylla. Varieties of Copal Several varieties of copal are recognized in historic and modern markets in Central and North America, partly based on what plant the resin came from, but also on the harvesting and processing method used. Wild copal, also called gum or stone copal, exudes naturally as a result of invasive insect attacks through the bark of the tree, as greyish drops which serve to plug the holes. Harvesters use a curved knife to cut or scrape the fresh drops off the bark, which are combined into a soft round glob. Other layers of gum are added on until the desired shape and size is achieved. The external layer is then smoothed or polished and subjected to heat to enhance the adhesive properties and consolidate the mass. White, Gold, and Black Copals The favored type of copal is white copal (copal blanco or the saint, penca or agave leaf copal), and it is obtained by making diagonal cuts through the bark into the trunk or branches of a tree. The milky sap flows along the channel of the cuts down the tree to a container (an agave or aloe leaf or a gourd) placed at the foot. The sap hardens in the shape of its container and brought to market without further processing. According to Hispanic records, this form of the resin was used as an Aztec tribute, and pochteca traders transported from the outlying subject provinces to Tenochtitlan. Every 80 days, so it was said, 8,000 packages of wild copal wrapped in maize leaves and 400 baskets of white copal in bars were brought into Tenochtitlan as part of a tribute payment. Copal oro (gold copal) is resin which is obtained by the complete removal of the bark of a tree, and copal negro (black copal) is said to be obtained from beating the bark. Processing Methods Historically, the Lacandà ³n Maya made copal from the pitch pine tree (Pinus pseudostrobus), using the white copal method described above, and then the bars were pounded into a thick paste and stored in large gourd bowls to be burned as incense as food for the gods. The Lacandà ³n also fashioned nodules, shaped like maize ears and kernels: some evidence suggests copal incense was spiritually connected to maize for Maya groups. Some of the copal offerings from Chichen Itzas sacred well were painted greenish blue and embedded pieces of worked jade. The method used by the Maya Chorti included collecting the gum, letting it dry for a day and then boiling it with water for some eight to ten hours. The gum rises to the surface and is skimmed off with a gourd dipper. The gum is then placed into cold water to harden somewhat, then shaped into round, elongated pellets about the size of a cigar, or into disks about the size of a small coin. After it becomes hard and brittle, the copal is wrapped into corn shucks and either used or sold in the market. Sources Case RJ, Tucker AO, Maciarello MJ, and Wheeler KA. 2003. Chemistry and ethnobotany of commercial incense copals copal Economic Botany 57(2):189-202.blanco, copal oro, and copal negro, of North America.Gifford EK. 2013. Organic and Inorganic Chemical Characterization of Artifacts from the Emanuel Point Shipwrecks. Pensacola: University of West Florida.Lona NV. 2012. Objects made of copal resin: a radiological analysis. Boletà ­n de la Sociedad Geolà ³gica Mexicana 64(2):207-213.Lucero-Gà ³mez P, Mathe C, Vieillescazes C, Bucio L, Belio I, and Vega R. 2014. Analysis of Mexican reference standards for Bursera spp. resins by Gas Journal of Archaeological Science 41(0):679-690. Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and application to archaeological objects.Penney D, Wadsworth C, Fox G, Kennedy SL, Preziosi RF, and Brown TA. 2013. Absence PLoS ONE 8(9):e73150. of ancient DNA in sub-fossil insect inclusions preserved in ‘anthropocene’ Colombian copal.

The Cardiovascular System Responses During Submaximal...

INTRODUCTION Information on cardiovascular differences between the sexes is necessary for allied health professionals to best adapt rehabilitation exercises for the patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The cardiovascular system has to adjust in response to metabolic demands of working muscles during exercise. Gender-related differences on how the body meets the increased demands while still maintaining homeostatic arterial blood pressure has been widely researched (CITE). There is some support that vaso-regulation differences are due to female sex hormones (estrogen, in particular estradiol), and less sympathetic nervous system influence when compared to males (CITE). Additionally, body composition (higher muscle mass in males) and substrate utilisation (more lipid substrate utilisation in females) have been found to have significant effects on the cardiovascular system responses during submaximal exercise (CITE). Upper body exercise has been found to create more stress on the cardiovasc ular system compared to lower body exercise (CITE). The primary causes of death in the Australian population are directly or indirectly related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (CITE). Although, men are at greater risk for developing CVD, women have been found to have a higher morbidity rate post-surgery (CITE). Additionally, the presentation of symptoms for female differs to that of their male counterparts (CITE). Thus, further investigation to better understand the differencesShow MoreRelatedHealth And Fitness Criteria For Cardiovascular Diseases5543 Words   |  23 Pageswill memorize the signs and symptoms of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and metabolic diseases. Comprehension 1. The student will estimate and calculate heart rate, mean axis deviation, and rhythms from ECG strip. 2. The student will interpret basic principles of 12-lead ECG, fitness assessments, exercise testing, and exercise prescription techniques. Application 1. The student will be able to determine if doctor approval is needed in order to prescribe an exercise program and determine if medical supervision

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My Senior Year Story My Senior Year Story - 2049 Words

Senior Year My senior year story, 7:35 am, when I get in the door ways of Clever High i see the band already putting up posters even though know one really joins.†Jordyn† I turn my head to see Maddie running towards me, she had just gotten out of rehab for her drug and alcohol addiction. Behind her was Rose , Rose was always pretending to be ok even though we all knew that she was getting raped by her dad at home. I always offered her a place to stay but she would never take it for some reason. â€Å"Hey babes† i said screaming down the hallway. â€Å" Have you seen Claire or Hyper†, Maddie says i could tell she had been drinking her breath reeked from Vodka. â€Å"No, have you been drinking† is say nervously â€Å" just a little to get the day started† she†¦show more content†¦We walked in to fist hour all together and Mr. Philips already had assigned seating, â€Å"Miss Hyper cant believe your on time today he says with a surprised face â€Å"cant believe you lost wait† Hyper mumbled rolling her eyes. Mr.Philps assigned me to sit by back, chance and jasmine. Jasmine and i were like best friends in middle school but when the popular train came she got on and i stayed at the train station. I remember saying hi to her in the hallway but she act like she didnt hear me. â€Å"This class is such a boar† chance said. I had always had a crush on him ever since we had math class last year., i tried so hard to get over him but i could never. â€Å"Youre telling me† becky said , becky is the leader of the LGBT group at school.Shes the girl that wears those â€Å"im a proud lesbian† shirts to school. â€Å"Hey Jordyn† jasmine says trying to be friendly. I grin a little and wave my hand like shes far away. â€Å"So are you going to my party to night?† Jasmine says â€Å"its a school night though† i say hoping no one else heard me. â€Å"So what its ditch day anyway tomorr ow and plus my parents are going out of town.† the typical high school popular kid when their parents go out of town. â€Å"I guess so† i said seaming uninterested but inside i was jumping up and down. â€Å"Good there will be really hot boy there trust me.† after 1st hour Hyper, Rose, Maddie and I go to our special series which is aka for a counseling help class that they try to make seem like a supportShow MoreRelatedHonoring The Elderly s Ministry1137 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinition of â€Å"Honoring the Elderly in Ministry,† is to include them in the core ministries of the church. Incorporating the seniors/elderly into the life of the church requires careful examination of the facets of the church life. Uniquely, this will reveal ways to tap into the decades of wisdom and experience they offer. Notably, there are numerous benefits to having a senior/elderly ministry that include folding bulletins, mailing copies, and or just volunteering where ever n eeded. However, it isRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography Elderly Abuse1476 Words   |  6 Pages(2007). Beaten down: Fear and violence in Canadas nursing homes. Retrieved May 1, 2009. The author of this article, David McKie a CBC crew member describes the situation of nursing homes in Canada. He talks about abuse from the staff and from the seniors. This article specifically refers to two examples in Canada of this abuse and it also states that about seventy percent of nursing homes are a dumping place for elderly who are â€Å"mentally unstable†. McKie states that it is difficult to know exactlyRead MoreMy Life Of My Father849 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Goodbye Daddy†. 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Estimates indicate that there is a target population of some 15 million senior households that both qualify for and are good potential candidates for the Department of Housing and Urban Development s home equity conversion mortgage (HECM)program. The HECM is when a lender advances, a senior age 62 or olderRead MoreWatching Your Child Grow989 Words   |  4 PagesRichard Wilbur’s â€Å"The Writer† as well as â€Å"High School Senior† by Sharon Olds, are two poems that focus on the growth of someone’s child as person. The narrator in â€Å"The Writer† speaks about watching his daughter explore the freedoms associated with growing up as she write s a story. In â€Å"High School Senior† the speaker describes her feelings as her daughter prepares to leave for college, and describes the eternal bond the two share. Both authors tackle a similar theme and portray their love for theirRead MoreMy Career Path For A Nurse1388 Words   |  6 Pagesstill do. At twelve, I would have said I wanted to be a writer. By sixteen I developed my passion for hair, makeup, and all things beauty related. My love of beauty coincided with my love of art, and while I didn’t take it as seriously, I considered it as a career by seventeen. I toured the University of Cincinnati for their art program, and I thought it was amazing, but I wasn’t in love with it. My senior year in high school I had the opportunity to intern as a science teacher, and I had seriouslyRead MoreThe Palace Of The Gables Essay1413 Words   |  6 Pagesheart of the gables. It is one of the top notch awarded nursing home facilities for seniors stated by many fa milies. Currently being an employee at this facility, I have learned the frightful stories to senior living. Even the Palace one of the most expensive, awarded senior living is actually a terrible place for the elderly. Working at the Front Desk as the receptionist, I have seen firsthand how these poor seniors are forced into these haunted â€Å"luxurious† homes. The marble from the building is oftenRead MoreNursing Home Perception Vs. Reality Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pagesof the gables. It is one of the top notch awarded nursing home facilities for seniors stated by many families. Currently being an employee at this facility, I am learning the frightful stories of senior living. Even the Palace one of the most expensive, awarded senior living is actually a terrible place for the elderly. Especially, working at the Front Desk as the receptionist, I have seen firsthand how these poor seniors are forced into these haunted â€Å"luxurious† homes. The marble of the build ing hasRead MoreBeing The Son Of A Teacher Is Hard1079 Words   |  5 Pagesteacher is hard. There are a lot of things that come with it that makes life more challenging. From the start, having my Mom be a teacher was strange. 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A Civilization That Used Propaganda And Control Its People...

Another civilization that used propaganda to control its people is ancient Egypt. Between 2450 BCE and 2250 BCE, Egyptian elders wrote documents offering advice to their successors. One of these documents was written by the pharaoh, Wahkare, to his son, and another one was written by chief advisor, Ptah-hotep, to Egyptian citizens. These documents were a form of propaganda, and they were important because they instructed Egyptians to obey their pharaohs and their superiors, keeping social order, and keeping the powerful in power. In these documents, the elders instruct their successors to â€Å"[do] right for the king until death† (Egyptian Elders’ Advice to their Successors, MyHistoryLab, P. 27). The documents sought to keep rebels and revolutionaries’ voices suppressed so that Egyptian tradition would persist and Egypt would remain powerful. The elders warn their successors that â€Å"a talker is an exciter of a city [and to] divert the multitude and suppress its heat† (Egyptian Elders’ Advice to their Successors, MyHistoryLab, P. 23). The elders insist that their successors do not listen to a man with radical new ideas, but instead â€Å"copy [their] fathers and [their] ancestors† (Egyptian Elders’ Advice to their Successors, MyHistoryLab, P. 23). These documents reveal that Egyptian elders had great love for their empire and wanted to see their traditions live on after them. In one of these documents, the elder states that â€Å"a man works for him who was before him, through a desire thatShow MoreRelatedAchievements and Weaknesses of the Middle Kingdom and Its Downfall1316 Words   |  6 PagesIn Ancient Egypt, the Middle Kingdom is seen as one of its finest ages. This is because it was a time of ‘expanding political strength’ and ‘broader economic horizons’[1]. 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The Mad Woman in the Attic-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Analytical Study review any Film Play Performance, or a Pieces of Creative Writing. Answer: The Victorian era has witnessed a lot of remarkable changes in the thought process of female writers. The position of the women was challenged and they were analyzed from a different of view. It was first time seen after the romantic age that the patriarchal society was targeted and a new revolution came into being which is known as the feminist revolution. The rage of feminism came as a blow to the patriarchal society. The contributors of the revolution were eminent feminist writers like Charlotte Bronte, Virginia Woolf, Mary Shelley, Emily Bronte, George Eliot and many other female writers. The essay majorly consists of the comparison of Jane Eyre with The Mad woman in the Attic. Mad Woman in the Attic was written by Gilbert and Gubar. This piece was the outcome of the inspiration of the character of Bertha Mason by Charlotte Bronte. Both the movies were the adaptation of the novels. The movies have portrayed a good picture of the novels. The stereotypical thought of treating the w oman was altered in the movie. The character of the woman in the Mad Woman in the Attic was in line with the character of Bertha Mason in Jane Eyre. The feminist point of view was highlighted in the movie. The similarity in the movie, the mad woman in the attic and Jane Eyre, lies in the similarity of the character of Bertha Mason of Jane Eyre. The comparison lies in the fact that both the characters are treated as an insane character. The character of Bertha Mason in the Jane Eyre and Mad Woman in the Attic the protagonist has been treated as the typical Victorian-era women who are found to be relatable with every woman who has been viewed by some other woman who has served as the emblem of early feminist characterizations. The most remarkable character in both the movies is Bertha Mason. She is also known as the most problematic character. She is the first wife of Rochester who is the male protagonist of the play. Within the entire time period of the movie no special account of herself was found. Her madness was evident in the movie. Her madness was the primary evident when her husband Rochester brought her back to England (Schulz and Youn 2016). It was then that her condition starte d getting deteriorated. The viewers get to see her in the worst form when her voice was less heard and she found to express herself through her rebellious actions. In the initial part of the movie she is audible only through her strange laughs and screams and incomprehensive babbling. She is made visible in the movie only in term of ghostly apparitions. There was one instance in the movie where she was lying on the bed and she gazed at Jane with a ghostly look. She attempted to set fire on Rochester`s bed. Bertha appears in the novel in the later half. The truth about her madness was revealed in the latter half of the movie. The sight of Bertha comes into the picture when the marriage of Rochester and Jane was stopped by Bertha. The only direct sight of Bertha comes into the picture when the second marriage of Rochester and Jane was about to occur (Poore 2016). There is a difference between being insane and mad. Charlotte Bronte portrayed Bertha as an insane woman in her novel. In the movie Bertha Mason was an insane lady who was not in her senses. In the movie, the Mad Woman in the Attic, the protagonist was portrayed as a mad woman. The fine line between mad and insane was mixed. The reason behind this was the background of the age that was the nineteenth century. The aspects of the Victorian age were prevalent in both the movies. Bertha was portrayed as the burden of Rochester. This was the common trait of the Victorian age (Johnson 2014). The revolt of Bertha signified the revolt of the female writers. The uprising of the female writers signified their revolt against the patriarchal society through their writings. The movie showcases the entire scenario of the Victorian era. The concept of sanity, insanity is prevalent in the movie. Bertha is placed in the both the movies in the position insane. In mad women in the attic, she is placed in the position of a mad woman. In the latter movie she is dysfunctional and biologically stated as a mad woman. She has been portrayed as a mad and ghostly woman whose actions are like a ghost and this add up to the gothic feature of the movie. The gothic feature has been portrayed in both the movies (Verheul and Hartmann 2016). However Bertha in Mad woman in the attic acted as a symbol of more generalizing the sense in which the female voice was often silenced or muffled in the nineteenth century both in the society and in literature. It is seen as an uncomfortable and disturbing voice (Tweed 2014). The voice of Bertha in the movie acts as the voice against the men who is against the truth and who do not wish to acknowledge the same. In the movie many critics reviewed and argued that the silence of Bertha has been perpetuated in another sense, by the ways in which a male-dominated literary history has tended to either demote the writings of women to a lower rank or to ignore all b ut very few of the many women from the Victorian age. The reason of this can be thought that it was the wish of the movie directors and the script writers to not make the voice of Bertha Mason audible to the rest world (Hood 2014). The movie can however be argued from the feminist point of view. The movie however moves around the life of an orphaned girl. Jane is the real protagonist of the movie who struggles to get over certain external and internal battles. She comes up to accept that she fell in love with her employer Mr. Rochester who was double her age. Her life turns upside down when she came to know about the ex-wife of Rochester. The more surprising thing for her was that the mad state of mind of his wife. The character of Jane has been portrayed in the movie as a groundbreaking, rebellious (Hillsburg 2017). On the contrary the character of Bertha has been termed as more rebellious and violent. She has been termed as crazy and mad. Eventually Bertha was found committing suicide and Jane married Rochester. One interesting part of the movie is that in spite of the fact that Bertha was an important figure in the movie, there was no single dialogue of her in the movie. In the movie Bertha did not speak a single word. In the movie the character of Bertha has been portrayed as a flesh-eating creature. The laugh of the character is like a demon and many critics have stated that there was something really mad about her. One school of critics opined that the reason behind this was the years of loneliness. The isolation of Bertha was the major reason behind her action. The bestial image of Bertha has been formed though there has been no proof of it. In the movie Bertha seeks to attain emancipation that was snatched away from her. Through her suicide she rejects the confinement that was imposed on her. The voice of Bertha represented the voice of many other women of the age (Fraser 2015). On the other hand the directors of the mad woman in the attic argued that Bertha Mason`s madness has been attributed to her features, `red eyes`, `black hairs`. The actor who portrayed the role of Bertha in the movie had attractive black hairs and red eyes. Her portrayal as an insane bestial woman is further problematic as a case of racial prejudice. It has been however noticed that the White Victorian Women possibly could not go mad. The movie therefore avoids the fact that people from all cultures would essentially have anger resulting in irrational behavior if suppressed by society and treated as a passive, second class citizen (Williams 2014). The directors of the film described Bertha as a woman of Creole descent. Even there were rumors regarding the presence of a strange woman in the house. The woman was no one nut Bertha Mason. The rumor was presented in the form of truth. This concept can be related to the idea that madness is usually reserved for women that do not conform to the Victorian code of conduct (Matta 2015). The movie contained a detailed narrative about the `Wide Sargasso Sea`. It becomes impossible to not see through the implied madness of Bertha but giving no account of it and no voice to her. The treatment of the director towards both the characters conform to the idea of having an essential madwoman or devil in the house, in order to affirm to the other woman`s status as `angel of the house` (Coon and Hassan 2015). The gothic romance attracts everyone with a deep tidal force. Part of the feeling of watching a gothic movie is the eroticism squirming to escape from just beneath the surface. The plot has been set on the gothic background. The background of the movie was set in the gothic environment. The dark hero of the story is not Rochester that is for sure. The twenty-year old Australian born Mia Wasikowska gives a self-possessed performance in the leading role as Jane Eyre in the movie. She carries the appropriate style of Jane Eyre, with the bonnets and the middle-parting and fiercely self-deprecatory references to her own plainness as only a sensationally beautiful film star can (Woodcock 2014). Michael Fassbender plays the role of Rochester with a measured observant intensity which mirrors Wasikowska`s Jane. The treatment of other famously dramatic episodes that is the wedding scene and the outcome of Bertha Mason is rather brisk and especially compared with the unhurried way the rest of t he film dwells on the countryside, and Jane`s extremely lonely and frustrated place in it (Butler 2014). On the contrary the movie Mad Woman in the Attic, the quest women had in order to overcome their anxiety and be successful in the public world. Some of the quest hat has been portrayed in the movie are mimicry, revision and hiding. In the movie the director did the task of recovering the body of female literature as well the neglected female history that is clearly reflected in it. The attention to the patriarchal dominance and the liberal power of the creativity of women has been highlighted in the movie. The neglected women and the concept of male chauvinism are projected in the movie (Smith 2014). The oppression of the males against the females is brought out in the movie. The mental sickness is thought to be devilish. This is the case only for women. The sickness of a woman brought her moral down. This made her an immoral woman. The movie however focused more on the rebellion of the woman than the oppression. The attic was the space of escape for Bertha. The movie clearly brought out the raising of the voice of women. It was a hard hit to the entire Victorian age. It came as a hard blow to the male society and the breaking of the stereotypical thoughts (Brown 2017). Therefore while summing up the review and concluding the essay this can be mentioned that the breaking of the stereotypical thought was the ultimate aim of both the movies. The common content of both the movies was the empowerment of the feminist thought that was represented in the novel itself. Therefore, the character of Bertha Mason was a challenging character in the history of the Victorian era. The Victorian era was completely projected in the movie. Both the movies applied the theory of feminist to establish the character of Bertha and to prove the point that women were treated either as the devil or as angel. There was the belief that if the thought of woman did not match with the society she was considered to be insane. The rebel was a strong one in the movie and it was brought out in a marvelous manner. References Brown, C.A., 2017. Introduction: Women, Writing, Madness: Reframing Diaspora Aesthetics. InMadness in Black Womens Diasporic Fictions(pp. 1-16). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. Butler, K., 2014. Kristeva, Intertextuality, and Re-imagining" The Mad Woman in the Attic".Studies in the Literary Imagination,47(1), pp.129-147. Coon, E. and Hassan, A., 2015. Did the" Woman in the Attic" in Jane Eyre have Huntington Disease?(S44. 005).Neurology,84(14 Supplement), pp.S44-005. Fraser, R., 2015. The Woman Questionand Charlotte Bront.Bront Studies,40(4), pp.314-319. Hillsburg, H., 2017. Mental Illness and the Mad/woman: Anger, Normalcy, and Liminal Identities in Mary McGarry Morriss A Dangerous Woman.Journal of Literary Cultural Disability Studies,11(1), pp.1-16. Homans, M., 2015. Jane Eyre, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, and the Varieties of Nineteenth-century Feminism.Literature and the Development of Feminist Theory, p.27. Hood, M., 2014. Mad Woman in the Attic. Johnson, H.E., 2014." This face with that mask":" Jane Eyre", Bertha, and the mirror(Doctoral dissertation, University of Alaska Anchorage). Matta, M., 2015. From Madwoman in the Attic'to Queer Stranger in the Closet': Sexuality and Migration at the.Dislocating Globality: Deterritorialization, Difference and Resistance,40(1), p.97.. Poore, B., 2016. Karen E. Laird. The Art of Adapting Victorian Literature, 18481920: Dramatizing Jane Eyre, David Copperfield, and The Woman in White. Schulz, J.L. and Youn, J., 2016. Monsters and Madwomen? Neurosis, Ambition and Mothering in Women Lawyers in Film.Law, Culture and the Humanities, p.1743872116673162. Smith, A., 2016. Meet My Wife: Bertha Mason as the Abject in Jane Eyre and its 2011 Film Translation.LURe,6(1). Smith, K., 2014. The Attic of My Grandmother's Subconscious:Whiteness,Illegitimacyand Migration in Jean Rhys's Wide Sargasso Sea and Honor Ford-Smith's Grandma's Estate.Women: A Cultural Review,25(3), pp.287-304. Tweed, H., 2014. Review of The Madwoman and the Blindman.Disability Studies Quarterly,34(1). Verheul, S.W.M. and Hartmann, A.R., 2016.Male and Female Viewers perception of the degree of emotion expressed via body Language and prosody in two film adaptations of Jane Eyre(Bachelor's thesis). Williams, C.E., 2014. " She Was Not Even Normal": Unreliable Narratives Of Female Insanity In Jane Eyre, Rebecca, And Wide Sargasso Sea. Woodcock, D.M., 2014.Becoming Bertha: The sociomedical discourse behind the madwoman in the attic(Doctoral dissertation, College of Charleston).

Accounting Information System for Systems Development Life Cycle

Question: Discuss about theAccounting Information Systemfor Systems Development Life Cycle. Answer: Introduction The SDLC (Systems Development Life Cycle), also referred as application development life cycle, is a term employed in the information systems, systems engineering, and software engineering to narrate a procedure for creating, planning, deploying, and testing an information system. It implies a series of steps that are usable in the development of an application, whether hardware or software or both. The goal behind this is to finish the transformation to a fresh application and disregard the traditional system. In other words, the traditional methods are not very effective and hence, a variation is highly required. Such a variation can be very effective in producing the desired outcomes but it must complete within an appropriate duration in order to obtain such desired outcomes (Alwan, 2016). Factors that Contribute to Failed System of Payroll The Healthcare industry comprises of several people, procedures, and other services offered by the pharmacies, hospitals, and diagnosis centers etc. Due to such reasons, Healthcare industries are significantly different in comparison to other industries notwithstanding the fact that whether it is a private or public sector. Furthermore, it not only relies on the nature of the industry but size and concentration of industries are also the reason behind the differences. The fact that a healthcare industry comprises of huge procedures and activities, the comparison with other industries becomes very simple. In the Southern Hemisphere, the project disintegration of the Queensland Health Implementation was one of the most expensive. It costed approximately AU$1.25 billion due to such disintegration. The key reason behind this failure is attributable to several factors. Besides, the major stakeholders associated with the project involved CorpTech, IBM, and Queensland Health. The first factor was the selection of IBM as the major contractor of the project. An agreement that information regarding the project to be disposable to every project bidders on an equal basis, was for some uncertain reasons, not efficiently obeyed. The Director of the project passed on few extra details to IBM, thereby assisting it to obtain a competitive advantage over other stakeholders and hence, receiving the allotment of project. The passing on of extra information was clearly immoral in nature because it violates the policies established by the government. For an effective implementation of a project, the roles and responsibilities of the associated team must be clear so that it does not result in an effective operation (Sheilds, 2005). However, it is notable that even though the project initiated, the responsibilities and roles were understandable. The healthcare industry serves people in a variety of ways ranging from their safety to their well-being. Moreover, it purposes to appropriately look after the people and offer hospitality (Coker, 2014). These necessities are not adequately complied by the implementation of system development life cycle. The complications involved within the project can be attributable to factors like complication of system, complication of the industry, and complication of client-consultant connections. Besides, as there are varied systems, they pursue their own characteristics and hence, such complications arise as a result (Mehdi, 2006). Defects and Risks Queensland adopted the arrangement utilized by the Department of Justice in relation to SAP HR and based on this the target goals were set. When IBM got the project allotment, further planning in the October 2008 depicted an underrating of the complications and hence led towards excess time consumption and increment in expenses. In short, from the beginning stage, the necessary requirements of the business did not match up to the expectations and hence created a negative effect. The risk associated with the implementation of Payroll software in Queensland was devastating because trials were not appropriate and proper testing in bigger government agencies with more complications were also missing. As a result, various problems occurred because testing on a very small scale held. Moreover, it is notable that the pilot program is necessary to operate on a massive scale. However, this requirement failed in the case of Queensland, thereby generating huge risks (Peter et. al, 2013). After the first test, inconsistencies of worth AU$1.2 million arose and the second test that followed also resulted in an inconsistency of worth AU$30000. Even though these inconsistencies prevailed, Queensland neglected these and decided to Go Live without the full completion of other test modules. In relation to Go Live, it is further notable that several of the employees did not receive their entire payment or received inadequate payments. As the structure of wages and number of employees varied, utilization of WorkBrain could have assisted in the simplification of interface between a fresh system of Payroll and SAP but Queensland failed to adopt such measures. These were only the technical complications faced by Queensland. Apart from these, many other factors created further complications. Firstly, an industrial strike that led towards the resignation of several employees because of extreme chaos within the project activities. Secondly, the layoff by Queensland of a significant number of employees resulted in various issues and played a role in the facilitation of industrial strike (KPMG, 2012). Classification of Factors As mentioned-above, various factors create complications even in the beginning stages. Therefore, the classification of these is as follows: The matter of selection of IBM as the major contractor falls in the classification of preliminary analysis where descriptions of the requirements of an organization are available and analysis and classification of the suggested alternative answers are did through a cost benefit analysis. Prejudices in the process of tendering are also a key complication (KPMG, 2012). The definition of Requirements must be in such a way that information of difficulties and opportunities of adopting companies and operative areas are crucial not only for the assurance of system performance but also for briefing the implementation scope. There has to prevail an appropriate documentation of the necessary requirements that Queensland failed to adopt, thereby facing failures (Chugh Gandhi, 2013). Since each project is rare, it must be understandable from their particular viewpoints. Furthermore, each of these viewpoints has their own advantages and disadvantages and therefore, a logical or proper functioning must prevail. Utilization of arrangements of one project over the other creates a failure in phase two that is definition of Requirements and System Analysis. The consistent sequence of steps that one must follow in this phase consists of inspection of already existing systems, collection of facts and evaluation of the suggested system. Over-crossing of the proposed budget and over schedule are also few examples of massive failures in the planning processes (Weistroffer et. al, 2010). In relation to this, the strategy adopted by the Department of Public Housing is not so complicated when compared to the ones adopted by Queensland. This is because the pay structures in the strategy of Department of Public Housing are very flexible and simple. Furthermore, the strategy adop ted by Queensland included 24000 kinds of combinations of the pay structures that indicates complication in the wage structures, thereby resulting into devastating results. The prevalence of infinite awards also played a role in creation of various complexities and therefore, it is impossible to determine (KPMG, 2012). The Testing and integration stages are not complete because testing of the overtime and casual claims are incomplete for the appropriate requirements definition. As a result, the existence of bugs, errors, and other inefficacies are unable to eliminate (Siraj et. al 2011). The allotment of project to IBM is attributable to the key configuration of WorkBrain but even the actual implementation of this configuration was missing and as a result, a significant failure generated. The main responsibility of the WorkBrain was to deport and process timesheets from the requirements of SAP into requirements of a format acceptable by the financial institutions. Moreover, as WorkBrain did not employ complications like system maintenance, testing, up gradation etc, it resulted in an enhancement of data quality (KPMG, 2012). The absence of such an effective system in Queensland created infinite difficulties. Despite huge inefficacies in the Go Live payments, abandoning of the systems did not occur. This clearly signifies that the systems of installation, acceptance, and movement were also a major failure and in a very topsy-turvy situation. The exertion of pressure upon Go Live eliminated the likelihoods of a collateral testing procedure. Although the categorization of the complications or flaws was initially at four, yet there was a reclassification because of the variation in the requirements and these flaws were not fixable due to the decision of Go Live that resulted in a messy situation. Therefore, it is observable that various complications existed because of faulty planning, poor management, and improper understanding of complications. Recommendations Although overruns of expenses and time are representative in the healthcare industries, insufficiencies in the processing of orientation and complications resulted in the failure of the Payroll system of Queensland, thereby becoming the worst illustration in relation to the same. The requirements of an effective methodology of the projects are highly in need so that the complications are easily avoidable (Dezdar Ainin, 2011). Until the year June 2009, proper structures of governance were missing and as a result, the roles and responsibilities of each of the team were unknown. In order to achieve efficient and smooth outcomes, compliance of SDLC (Systems Development Life Cycle) is very necessary (Rud, 2009). Organizations must be eloquent enough to employ an accurate measure of implementation, conduct a significant level of testing prior to the reaching of Go Lives decision, employ a perfect methodology of project management, and regularly communicate with each of the groups of stake holders for better outcomes (Chugh Gandhi, 2013). In relation to this, it is notable that communication is very crucial because attaining of project governance is possible if and only if there is proper communication level between consultant, client, and vendors. When information is provided in a transparent manner it leads to better projection of the information and helps in attaining better position. Furthermore, the absence of appropriate documentation strategy also results in operative issues and acceptance issues that pave ways for complications to enhance (KPMG, 2012). In relation to healthcare industries, it must be observable that every patient is special and unforeseeable and therefore, approximately more than half of the healthcare organizations have boycotted the IS systems in their organization as it leads towards complete failures. But, it is notable that maximum proportion of such failures are attributable to the absence of appropriate management measures, weak project management, ineffective communication betwixt the group of shareholders and other technical flaws like absence of proper requirements definition and weak testing of systems (Olsen, 2012). Queensland accommodated all of these flaws and therefore suffered massive difficulties. Moreover, the system of WorkBrain would have been more appropriate. Conclusion From the above-mentioned discussion, the relevance of planning, collateral testing, and communication policies are clearly understandable. In addition, lessons regarding implementation, Go Live, and testing of the project is also very important. Besides, a proper methodology must be in place so that complications are avoidable (Kimball, 2008). Furthermore, because of the requirements of numerous ranking and numerous sub-projects, a massive problem faced by Queensland in relation to inappropriate implementation of payroll project. Recognition of prime areas of reform and addition of numerous layers of governance policy took place. Hence, apart from economical and technical flaws, the failure of this project also connects with the entire nation and industry. References Alwan, M. (2016). What is System Development Life Cycle? Accessed September 22, 2016 from https://airbrake.io/blog/insight/what-is-system-development-life-cycle Chugh, R Gandhi, S. (2013). Why Business Intelligence? Significance of Business Intelligence tools and integrating BI governance with corporate governance. International Journal of E-Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 4(2), 1-14. Coker, F. (2014).Pulse: Understanding the Vital Signs of Your Business. Ambient Light Publishing, 4(3), 4142. Dezdar, S., Ainin, S. (2011). The Influence of Organizational Factors on Successful ERP Implementation. Management Decisions 49(6), 911-926 Kannampallil, T.G., Schauer, G.F., Cohen, T., Patel, V.L. (2011). Considering Complexity in Healthcare Systems. Journal of Biomedical Informatics 44(6), 943-947. Kimball, R. (2008).The Data Warehouse Lifecycle Toolkit. Wiley. KPMG. (2012). Queensland Health: Review of the Queensland Health Payroll System. Retrieved September 22, 2016 from https://delimiter.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/KPMG_audit.pdf Mehdi, K.P. (2006). Emerging Trends and Challenges in Information Technology. Management. Idea Group. Olsen, E. (2012). Strategic Planning Kit for Dummies. John Wiley Sons. Peter R, Alaa S, Aladdin A. (2013). Business Intelligence and Performance Management: Theory, Systems, and Industrial Applications, Springer Verlag U.K Rud, O. (2009).Business Intelligence Success Factors: Tools for Aligning Your Business in the Global Economy. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley Sons. Sheilds, M.G. (2005). E-Business and ERP: Rapid Implementation and Project Planning. John Wiley and Sons. Siraj, S., Mikhailov, L. and Keane, J. A. (2011). Priests: an interactive decision support tool to estimate priorities from pairwise comparison judgments. Research, 12(4), 45-61 Weistroffer, HR, Smith, CH Narula, SC. (2010). Multiple criteria decision support software. Oxford University Press

Sample Essay About Thomas Watson and His Argument Against Abortion

Sample Essay About Thomas Watson and His Argument Against AbortionA sample essay about Thomas Watson (or Watson and his argument against abortion) is available to those who wish to learn about this important thinker. This sample makes use of two quotes from the 19th century to explore Watson's views on the importance of the unborn child.When Watson was young, he became a great medical student but it was during his college years that he wrote his book The Principles of Medical Jurisprudence. Although, these books were to be published later, the book itself influenced generations of doctors who studied under him. Though the medical journal that published the book, the Lancet, did not publish the opinions of the author, the quotations in the book are considered his best works on medicine.In the book, Watson developed the concept of trimester theory and argued that in order to cure any disease, a treatment should only be given to the pregnant woman and not the fetus. The second paragraph of the book which defines the book's major thesis, states: 'In the main, no matter how well-conceived the scheme, it will not be likely to work unless some due regard is had to the girl or boy as a person.' 'The major idea that lies behind the scheme of trimester is the recognition that each of the various parts of the developed child possesses individuality, and therefore a 'trimester' must be defined according to the time elapsed since conception.' 'It is the apprehension of an individual character, and not the fact of total unity which constitutes the trimester.'The first quotation from The Principles of Medical Jurisprudence as presented in the sample essay on Thomas Watson and his argument against abortion is, 'I believe that he is not only human but also gifted with an inborn quality which inclines him to honesty and uprightness and that this quality is one of the reasons why he was willing to die for his country in the War of the Rebellion. It is the truth of his character t hat has been violated by his conviction of being a female.' The quote and author are credited to Watson but the article uses a different source and author. 'A close inspection of his works will show that he does not use these names to refer to himself. His own name and the name of the anonymous author appear in the original text, but their places are taken by the latter's name.'In a letter to his brother, Watson wrote of his support for abortion rights, 'I am a very serious student of the subject of womankind, and I can see no possible reason why they should not be allowed to have this liberty.' This is the first of three significant quotes Watson gives in his book. In the second paragraph, he said, 'In my judgment the greatest evil is the oppression of women in our society, by restricting them, as they do, to the relation of mothers to their children.'In the third paragraph, Watson reiterated his commitment to the humanity of women, writing, 'I find it extremely important that it s hould be recognised that no one in this world has a right to be at the disposal of a woman with her fetus, but only to be supplied by them with food and clothing.' In this same paragraph, he quoted The Principle of Medicine saying, 'She is to have in all cases the care of her infant.' The author has a different belief and writing, 'These are terms that only a medical man should know.'Although, this article is not one on Thomas Watson and his argument against abortion, the quotes by Watson have inspired many who study his works to ensure their writings are well-documented. This allows historians to present accurate information to generations of readers who read his works.

Performance of Punong Barangay in Poblacion, Valencia City, Bukidnon free essay sample

A barangay is the simplest unit of Local Government Unit. They handle a small community like purok or sitios. All places in the Philippines consist of this small LGU unit and barangay officials. In this article, you will have a brief idea about the duties and responsibilities of every barangay official that had been elected by their constituents. The Punong Barangay or the Barangay Chairman is the executive head of the smallest unit of the government. He or she is in charge of the governance, development planning, basic services and facilities, compliance to directives, barangay legislation, and fiscal administration. People are required to respect the barangay head’s decision and rules implemented. On the other hand, a barangay chairman may have the power to lead one barangay, but he/she must still follow the law. If a barangay chairman is abusive of his/her powers, people can complain to the COMELEC and get him/her terminated in due process. We will write a custom essay sample on Performance of Punong Barangay in Poblacion, Valencia City, Bukidnon or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The barangay secretary is liable in all of the barangay’s paper works. He/she must always take down notes all of the discussions and plans that has been made in their meeting. She/he automatically re-read his/her report on the next barangay meeting. The treasurer on the other hand is responsible of all of the funds of the barangay. From the budget for properties, budget for projects, and budget for the salary of the officials, he/she must take care of it. As for the seven barangay councilors, they all have their specific tasks that will be assigned by their chairman. They must be on the barangay hall once a week to accommodate the people coming every now and then in their office. All in all, barangay officials must do these following tasks: Formulate measures to eliminate drug addiction. Maintain cleanliness and beautification of their area. Promote peace and order. Promote the well being of the woman and youth rights. Maintain barangay-owned properties and infrastructures. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX DISSERTATION Title: LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE OF THE PUNONG BARANGAYS IN VIRAC IN THE DELIVERY OF BASIC SERVICES AND FACILITIES AS PERCEIVED BY BARANGAY OFFICIALS FOR THE TERM 1994-1997. Author: MENDOZA, ORLANDO L. This research looked into the level of performance of the Punong -Barangay in the delivery of basic services and facilities as provided for in the Local Government Code of 1991.  The following specific questions were answered by the study: 1.What is the socio-demographic profile of the barangay officials in the municipality of Virac? 2.What is the barangay officials perception on the level of performance of punong barangay in the basic services and facilities? 3.Is there significant relationship between the socio-demographic profile of the barangay officials and their perception on the level of performance of the punong barangay in the delivery on basic services and facilities? 4. Is there significant difference in the perception of the punong barangay and those of the other barangay officials on the level of performance in the delivery of basic services and facilities? 5.What are the problems encountered by the barangay officials in the delivery of basic services and facilities? 6.What are the recommendations of the barangay officials to enhance the delivery of the basic services and facilities in the barangay? Several hypothesis were tested which are as follows: 1.The socio-demographic profile of the barangay officials in the municipality of Virac influences their level of performance in the delivery of the basic services and facilities to their respective barangays; 2.There is significant difference between the punong barangays and other barangay officials perfection on the level of performance in the delivery of basic services and facilities in their respective barangay. The descriptive method of research was adapted utilizing questionnaire-checklist as the main instrument in the gathering of data. The study covered sixty-three (63) barangays of Virac, Catanduanes. The respondents were all punong-barangays, barangay secretaries, barangay treasurers, Sangguniang barangay members and the Sangguniang kabataan chairs. There was a total of 667 respondent barangay officials and a 100% retrieval was achieved. The frequency count, percentage, weighted arithmetic mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, students t-test, Pearson Product moment of correlation and Point Biserial correlation coefficient were the statistical tools in this study. The study disclosed that majority of the barangay officials are male, married and younger than 43 years old. Their gross monthly income falls within the range P3,001-6,000.00 and they have been in their respective positive for 3 years. The highest educational attainment in having earned masteral units and the least achieved was elementary level. They have attended various training related to their positions. The most cited trainings attended are Barangay Administration training program, Barangay Legislation, and Lupong Tagapayapa training among others. Majority of barangay treasurers are male, married, and younger than 47 years old. Seventeen of them are college undergraduate and 16 were college graduates. Barangay Administration training program, Barangay Budgeting, Bookkeeping and Accounting were attended by all of them. The Sangguniang Kabataan chairmen were all single. Most of them are college undergraduates and have attended SK leadership. Most of them are more than 20 years old. The Sangguniang Barangay members are mostly male, married, and with a mean age of 46 years. Most of them are elementary graduates and have attended Barangay Administration Training Program. However, Barangay Legislation which is the focus of their functions was only attended by 38.35% of them. Generally, in the adequacy, the barangay officials the performance of the punong barangay in the delivery of basic services and facilities, as fair,  and in as well as payment of services of the barangay officials to be on salary basic, were among the priority recommendations of the barangay officials themselves. The researcher recommended a training program for all barangay officials to strengthen their knowledge, skills, and capabilities in the fields of planning, financial administration, project development and management, local legislation and community participation so that adequate, effective, efficient and equitable delivery of basic services and facilities could be attained thereby realizing the goals of local autonomy, community development and general welfare of the people.

Slavery in the Southern States essays

Slavery in the Southern States essays In early America, the southern states quickly realized that crops such as tobacco and cotton were very much in demand. The land and climate were excellent for the growth of these crops and slave labor was perfectly suited for the jobs. Most importantly to the growers, slave labor was very cheap. The planters invested in slaves rather than machinery to increase production. Slavery originated from a concept known as indentured servitude. One half to two-thirds of all immigrants to Colonial America arrived as indentured servants. At times, as many as 75% of the population of some colonies were under terms of the indenture. Even on the frontier, according to the 1790 U.S. Census, 6% of the Kentucky population was indentured. The historic basis for indenture grew out of English agricultural servitude and began because of labor shortages in England and the colonies. It developed at a time when England had a great number of people being displaced from farming. This led to the early growth of the indentured labor system. The importation of white servants under contracts known as indentures proved more profitable as a short-term labor source than enslaving Indians or using free labor. Eventually, the final attempt to ease labor shortages was enslavement of Africans. A labor-intensive cash crop such as tobacco required a large workforce. The earliest indentured servants were brought to Virginia as farm laborers. In practice, the servant would sell himself to an agent or ship captain before leaving the British Isles. In turn, the contract would be sold to a buyer in the colonies to recover the cost of the passage. In theory, the person is only selling his or her labor. In practice, however, indentured servants were slaves, and the courts enforced the laws that made it so. The treatment of the servant was harsh and often brutal. Colonial laws punished runaway indentured servants with severity. The government initially soug...

Liabilities of Contractor, Employer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Liabilities of Contractor, Employer - Essay Example The reason for the strong position of the employer E is he terminated after the contractor stopped delivering. The contractor can be considered as an employer for his sub contractor. The repudiation of the sub contract by his sub contractor will make his sub contractor liable to him. This does not entitle him the right to stop the delivery of work to his employer. By stopping his delivery of work to his employer E, he not only made himself liable to employer but also gave a chance to the employer to terminate the contract. In the other cases, if the employer terminates the contract, he is not permitted according to law to award the work for another till 6 years. But that is not in the case of contractor's liability to the employer. According to L. Jaynes in the seminar about global conditions on contract, the liabilities of employer and contractor were listed out according to various clauses that impart liability on the party, who breaks the contract or who does an action that imparts liability. The concept of liability will be thought upon when the contract was terminated. This termination according to conditions of global contract depends on four clauses of the conditions of the contract. They are clause 15, 16, 17, 19.1 According tClause 15 deals with termination by employer, clause 16 deals with suspension and termination by contractor, clause 17 deals with risks and responsibilities, clause 19 deals with force majeure. According to clause 15 the termination by the employer is due to the failing to proceed or prosecute with works, subcontracting the whole work, assigning the contract to the third party without permission, not complying with the instructions of the engineer of the employer, becoming insolvent. In the prescribed case of M and E in this paper, subcontracting the works, failing to proceed with the works, failure to comply with the instructions of the architect forced the employer to terminate the contract. In sub clause 15.2 (b), it was described that if the contractor abandons the works or demonstrates the intention of discontinuing the performance, it will provide the ground for the termination of the contract by the employer. In the case of contractor and employer the contractor cannot stop delivery of the work for his employer due to the repudiation of the contract by a sub contractor. In this clause the contractor is employer for that sub contractor and he can terminate or take action on that sub contractor. Methodology of analysing the legal problems: In this case the methodology followed is to compare the situation with the principles and the provisions of the law and thus analysing the situation about liability of M and E. In the above case of M and E, instead of taking action on the sub contractor N, M stopped delivering to his employer, which provided ground for the employer to terminate the work. This clause demonstrates the conditions for the employer finding a ground for the termination of the contract. The prescribed case for this paper is suitable for the termination of the contract by the employer. This makes contractor liable to the employer and if employer takes any legal action he must bear the consequences. There is no chance for the contractor to compensate the loss he

BUSINESS CASE Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BUSINESS - Case Study Example The company, for this reason, wanted to restock its product line and rebrand its image. To be able to do this, the company wanted to enter into Chinas luxury market goods market that was reported to be growing by 70% each year. The plan was to open up new stores in the three largest cities of China that include Beijing, Guangzhou and Shanghai. The other very important objective of the company was to select a winning team that would lead this new entry into the Chinese market. These stores had to have the most talented and qualified human resource to enable them do well in the new market space. For this reason, all the actions that this company would commit itself to afterward, should be pointed towards achieving one goal of having a winning team or workforce that can lead their new venture in China. The issue that requires a decision in this case is whether to employ Mimi Brewster, daughter of John Brewster who is a good friend to the Hathaway CEO, Fred, to lead a team that would open the flagship store in Shanghai. It is hard making the decision on whether to employ her or not, to consider both the negative and positive sides of her. On the positive side, Mimi is a strong candidate for the position with both good education and experience background that fits the fashion industry. With her experience working with the largest clothing, shoe and accessories company in the United States, where she launched two new brands, she made a very good candidate to be chosen to sell the Hathaway agenda in China. On the other hand, the vice-president of Hathaway, Virginia Flanders, found a non-palatable information from Google about Mimi that would make her consideration decision be a hard thing to make. The information that was printed in the Alternative Review in 1999 identified Mimi to ha ve been the leader of a non-violent, but vocal protest group that was known to have helped mobilize campaigns against the World Trade Organization. Another newspaper featured Mimis

Hitler: Planner or an Opportunist?

Hitler: Planner or an Opportunist? In order to reasonably construct an argument, it is first necessary to elucidate the question slightly. Specifically, it would seem that the question infers planning and opportunism to be mutually exclusive by asking if Hitler was a planner or an opportunist in his foreign policy. To adapt ones actions in order to achieve wider predefined goals contains elements of both planning and opportunism, so it should be borne in mind that one does not necessarily exclude the other; he may have been both. Since Taylors controversial The Origins of the Second World War (Taylor, 1961) was first published, intense debate has raged in the historical world as to whether Hitler was simply an opportunist, a view propounded by Taylor (1961), or if his actions were well planned and strategised, as suggested by Hillgrubers Stufenplan (Hillgruber, 1965) and others. This essay addresses the question by considering key events in German foreign policy from 1933-1941, analysing each in terms of opportunism and planning. Particular attention shall be given to events prior to the German invasion of Poland and the resulting declarations of war upon Germany by France, Britain, Australia and New Zealand. After these declarations were made, Hitlers foreign policy would need to be more opportunistic and fluid if it was to be successful; in any war victory requires constant reappraisal of the situation at hand. It shall also be suggested that Hitlers actions in the period 1940-1941 were, though forced to adapt due to circumstance, ultimately motivated by a greater plan built on strong ideological beliefs, a view shared by Hillgruber (1965) in Hitlers Strategie. The question of the existence of a Stufenplan, as proposed by Hillgruber (1965), is somewhat harder to answer. Certainly such a plan may be constructed from analysis of Mein Kampf. However, it is difficult to say if such a plan genuinely existed, or if it is merely a construct built upon a foundation of selected statements from the book. Such a plan is also suggested in Nazism 1919-1945, A Documentary Reader (Noakes Pridham, 1988, p. 617): â€Å"from the comments and arguments contained in Mein Kampf one can construct a foreign policy programme which essentially consisted of five stages † However, this is somewhat within the realm of conjecture and with the benefit of hindsight. Mein Kampf is by no means a step-by-step work, but there are key principles embedded within the text which may be extracted and compared to Hitlers actual foreign policy actions. Through this it shall be argued that at least some level of planning, some attempt to achieve pre-defined goals, did in fact exist. In the broadest sense, the foreign policy advocated by Hitler in Mein Kampf is quite clear, namely to expand Germany to become a world power through the acquisition of territory or ‘living space. In Mein Kampf Hitler (1926, p. 557) states: â€Å" without consideration of ‘traditions and prejudices, it (Germany) must find the courage to gather our people and their strength for an advance along the road that will lead this people from its present restricted living space to new land and soil † Furthermore, it should be noted in the above quote that Hitler not only expresses his desire for lebensraum, but goes further in suggesting that it is reasonable to acquire territory without â€Å"consideration of ‘traditions and prejudices†. From this it may be inferred that Hitler is largely unconcerned by any ethical argument that might counteract the expansion of Germany. This view is compounded by Hitlers (1926) further statement â€Å"Germany will either be a world power or there will be no Germany†. Although A.J.P. Taylor (1961) argued that Hitler did not have any real blueprint for his foreign policy, which consisted of nothing more than taking opportunities as they offered themselves, that Hitler was nothing more than â€Å"a traditional European statesman† (Taylor, 1961), the above comments from Mein Kampf seem to suggest a higher motivation, the desire to expand Germanys borders and present Germany as a world power by non-traditional means, without, as Hitler (1926) states, â€Å"consideration of ‘traditions or prejudices†. In order to expand Germany and gain lebensraum it would first be necessary to somehow remove the restrictions of the Versailles Treaty. It is already apparent that in 1926 Hitler saw no use in any future delegations regarding the removal of the sanctions imposed by Versailles, dismissing the treaty as an act of â€Å"highway robbery against our people† (Hitler, 1926). He further stated in Mein Kampf: â€Å"One must have the simple mind of a child to believe that the revision of the Versailles Treaty can be obtained by indirect means and by beseeching the clemency of the victors The sword is the only means whereby a nation can thrust that clutch from its throat† (Hitler, 1926, p. 554). Taylor (1961) would have us believe Mein Kampf to be nothing more than the ramblings of an imprisoned man, yet already we see an element of forward planning; what was outlined here would be realised by Hitler years later. In March 1935, Hitler introduced compulsory military conscription, openly flaunting the Treaty of Versailles, although his army had already been growing in secret since 1933, when Hitler ordered his Generals to treble the size of Germanys army to 300,000. This was the ‘sword with which Hitler intended to vanquish the ‘clutch of Versailles. A year later, on March 7, 1936, German troops remilitarised the Rhineland, again flagrantly violating the Versailles Treaty. Were these actions merely opportunistic, lacking any real planning? Had Hitler simply, to paraphrase Taylor (1961), leaned on the door of the Rhineland hoping to gain entrance? One could argue that, due to the poor British economy following the Depression, Hitler was opportunistic in his timing of these treaty violations, perhaps sensing that military retaliation was unlikely. However, he had undoubtedly expressed his intentions to violate Versailles by forceful means almost ten years earlier, as evidenced above in Mein Kampf. Rather than simple opportunism, it would seem that Hitler was shrugging away the shackles of Versailles at a prudent juncture, just as he had intended. Furthermore, this may be seen as the first step in his wider quest for lebensraum. To acquire territory, to become a world power, required military strength prohibited by Versailles. In March 1938, German troops annexed Austria. This was at least in part opportunistic. Hitler knew very well that the Nazis enjoyed strong support in Austria; four years earlier Dolfuss had been assassinated by pro-Nazi sympathisers within Austria who actively desired Austro-German unification. Such was the influence of the Austrian pro-Nazis that Austrian Chancellor Schuschnigg was ultimately forced to resign, due to pressure from within Austria and from Hitler himself. Following Schuschniggs resignation, German troops were able to enter Austria without resistance. In the case of Austria, perhaps it is reasonable to entertain the idea of Hitler simply acting as a statesman rather than following any great plan. Since such strong support for the Nazis existed within Austria, it could be argued that any prudent statesman in a similar position would take advantage of such a situation. However, there is also evidence in Mein Kampf that this event was planned: â€Å"German-Austria must be restored to the great German Motherland. And not indeed on any grounds of economic calculation whatsoever. No, no. Even if the union were a matter of economic indifference, and even if it were to be disadvantageous from the economic standpoint, still it ought to take place. People of the same blood should be in the same Reich† (Hitler, 1926, p. 11). Hitler appears to hold the union of Austria and Germany in particular regard, a matter of principle and genetic unity rather than merely a stepping-stone in Germanys expansion. Taylor (1961) would have us believe that Hitler merely took advantage of the situation in Austria and that this situation was â€Å"produced by Schuschnigg not Hitler† (Taylor, 1961). This view seems somewhat myopic. Hitler may have been acting opportunistically to restore or strengthen Germany through alliance with Austria, but his primary motivation would appear to be something more esoteric, the unification of blood or race. To counteract the above argument, one might say that there were many far-right individuals with similar beliefs, that Hitler was not unique and thus the annexing of Austria was still simply an opportunist act. Opportunist in timing, perhaps, but it cannot be denied that as early as 1925, when the first volume of Mein Kampf was published, Hitler already intended to unite the two countries. How and when he did so may be a matter of opportunism, but the fact that he intended to do for ideological reasons remains. In view of this it seems difficult to renounce the unification of Germany and Austria as purely opportunistic. The evidence presented so far in support of the view that Hitlers foreign policy was not entirely opportunistic is largely rooted in Mein Kampf. However, when considering the Sudetenland and Czech Republic there is further evidence of possible planning on Hitlers part in the form of the Hossbach Memorandum, minutes of a meeting that took place on November 5, 1937 between the Fuehrer and several highranking Nazis (of these the majority were military officials rather than politicians). It is interesting that Hitler chose not to hold a full cabinet meeting, given the gravity of the topics discussed. Hitler himself attributed this to the importance of the matter, but one might also infer that he was reluctant to include too many politicians in the meeting in order to minimise the abstraction of military planning from himself and thus maintain more precise military control. This in itself may be said to evidence a certain level of planning on Hitlers part; discussing such matters within a full cabinet would seem to be the logical course of action for the typical statesman. What is especially interesting about the meeting is that the subject of Czechoslovakia as a tactical foothold is specifically addressed. Hossbach (1937) specifically notes: â€Å"If the Czechs were overthrown and a common German-Hungarian frontier achieved, a neutral attitude on the part of Poland could be the more certainly counted on in the event of a Franco-German conflict. Our agreements with Poland only retained their force as long as Germanys strength remained unshaken. In the event of German setbacks a Polish action against East Prussia, and possibly against Pomerania and Silesia as well, had to be reckoned with† (Hossbach, 1937). Almost a year later, German troops occupied the Sudetenland, with the blessing of both Neville Chamberlain and Edouard Daladier. In fact Lord Runciman, sent by Chamberlain to attempt reconciliation between the Germans and Czechs prior to the cession of the Sudetenland seemed to positively endorse the action as ‘natural: â€Å" the feeling among the Sudeten Germans until about three or four years ago was one of hopelessness. But the rise of Nazi Germany gave them new hope. I regard their turning for help towards their kinsmen and their eventual desire to join the Reich as a natural development in the circumstances† (Runciman, 1938). Reading Lord Runcimans comments above, one might consider it reasonable to view the acquisition of the Sudetenland as opportunistic; after all the British and French were willing to appease Hitler with the Munich Agreement. However, a year earlier, Hitler and those present at the meeting documented by Hossbach had realised the advantages occupying Czechoslovakia would present; Hitlers desire to take Czechoslovakia was already evident in 1937. Shortly after signing the agreement Hitler complained â€Å"That fellow Chamberlain spoiled my entrance into Prague†. Three weeks later, Hitler told generals to prepare for the â€Å"liquidation of the remainder of Czechoslovakia†. Undoubtedly Hitler was opportunistic in signing the Munich Agreement, though it is clear that both before and after signing his ultimate goal was to take Czechoslovakia. It is also apparent that two years before finally annexing Czechoslovakia in March 1939, Hitler saw an advantage in Czechoslovakia beyond immediate opportunistic gain; namely the improved position of Germany with regard to possible aggression on the part of Poland in the event of Franco-German conflict. Taylor (1961, p. 152) dismisses all this, saying â€Å"Even more than in the case of Austria, Hitler did not need to act The crisis over Czechoslovakia was provided for Hitler† and claims that Anschluss in Austria had led German Czechs to â€Å"ungovernable excitement† (Taylor, 1961, p. 152). However, even if Hitler was taking advantage of the crisis, to dismiss his actions as pure opportunism seems churlish; the plan to take Czechoslovakia existed in 1937, before the annexation of Austria took place. This plan also had a wider strategic purpose, even if the execution may have taken advantage of opportunity, particularly in the form of the Munich Agreement. The Pact of Steel also held a higher tactical purpose than mere opportunistic allegiance. In Nazism 1919-1945 A Documentary Reader, it is heralded as a â€Å"diplomatic success in his (Hitlers) preparation for war with Poland securing at long last an alliance with Italy† (Noakes Pridham, 1988, p. 736). Hitler knew that the French and British would not support the invasion, in fact in his Zwitte Buch he makes it quite clear that France shall always be an enemy of Germany: â€Å"In any conflict, regardless on what grounds, regardless for what reasons, France will always be our adversary† (Hitler, 1928, p128). Thus the Pact was important to Hitler, it levelled the field somewhat regarding the issue of Poland. With France and Britain likely to oppose Hitler in this matter, Italy became an important ally. Taylor (1961) counters this view saying â€Å"The Germans attached less weight to the Pact (than the Italians). They took it almost by accident†. Here it seems hard to logically support Taylors comments. The Pact was proposed by the Germans themselves in 1938, so to suggest that it was taken â€Å"by accident† simply does not make sense. Even if it is argued that the Pact was not direct preparation for war with Poland, it was proposed by Germany in 1938 and became reality in 1939. It did not fall to Hitler by accident, it was an opportunity Germany made for itself. Even if one chooses not to see the Pact as preparation for war with Poland, the invasion of Poland itself was preparation for a greater war in Hitlers view. In May 1939 he stated: â€Å"It is not just the Danzig that is at stake. For us it is a matter of expanding our living space in the East and making food supplies secure and also solving the problem of the Baltic States† (Noakes Pridham, 1988, p. 737). Thus the tactical importance of the Danzig and Poland was paramount to Hitler. Not least it represented preparation for a greater conquest; Russia. Furthermore, this principle of expansion into the East was not a new dream of Hitlers, being laid out quite clearly in Mein Kampf: â€Å"When we speak of new territory in Europe today we must primarily think of Russia. This colossal empire in the East is ripe for dissolution. And the end of Jewish domination in Russia will also be the end of Russia as a state † (Hitler, 1926, p. 557) As evidenced above, in 1926, Hitler was convinced that Russia should be Germanys primary goal in terms of land acquisition. Thirteen years later, he is intent on annexing the Danzig to expedite this goal. It is difficult to deny a certain clarity of vision here. Hitler still seems to be following his original wider plan of expansion, namely to reach a position where it becomes feasible to attack Russia. On 23 August 1939, the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact is signed, facilitating Hitlers invasion of Poland with help from the Soviets. This could be argued as an opportunistic Pact, simply expediting the attack on Poland, expanding German territory and presenting a stronger united enemy to the French and British, allowing Hitler to fight a stronger war in the West if need be. Conversely it could be argued that Hitlers conviction that Germany must expand into living space in the East remained. In this case the non-aggression pact with the Soviets and the subsequent invasion of Poland can be seen as opportunism with a further goal, the invasion of Russia itself. Since Hitler had maintained this attitude towards Russia since 1926 and reiterated it only months before signing the Molotov- Ribbentrop Pact, it would seem that, opportunistic or not, Hitler had signed the Pact with Russia ultimately to facilitate action against Russia herself. Operation Barbarossa further supports the view that action against Russia was always intended, with Hitler invading the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941. If anything it could be argued that a more opportunistic leader would have sought to maintain the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and concentrate on what was available in Western Europe, rather than risking a war on two fronts. However, Hitler was not only opportunistic but idealistic, seemingly determined to end â€Å"Jewish domination in Russia†. From a purely opportunistic point of view, starting a war with Russia would not seem the most prudent course of military action given the current conflict in the West, so one can only assume that Hitler did so due to anti-Semitic ideals and his ongoing belief that Russia should ultimately provide lebensraum. To summarise, it is difficult to label Hitler or his foreign policy as either purely planned or purely opportunistic. Taylor (1961) seems to do the latter at the expense of evidence to the contrary, yet equally it cannot be doubted that Hitler often took advantage of fortuitous situations such as the Austrian Crisis, whilst also creating his own, one example being the Pact of Steel. Ultimately it would seem that Hitler had several definite goals in mind as set out in Mein Kampf; to breach Versailles, to build military strength, to unite Germany and Austria, to invade Russia and ultimately to establish Germany as a world power. Whether or not these goals were intended to be accomplished step-by-step, a Stufenplan, or were simply tackled on a more ad-hoc basis, the key aims established in Mein Kampf do seem to persist in later German foreign policy and many of them were achieved. Rather than simply a planner or an opportunist, it would seem that Hitler was both; taking advantage of opportunity to bring him closer to his planned objectives. Henigs (1985) interpretation of Bullocks argument articulates this view extremely well, and it is with this that the discussion shall be drawn to close: â€Å"He combined consistency of aim with opportunism in method and tactic† (Henig, 1985, p. 39). Are Metropolis and 1984 Cautionary Tales? Are Metropolis and 1984 Cautionary Tales? Both Metropolis and 1984 can be viewed as cautionary tales. The concerns communicated within the texts directly align with the concerns of their respective authors and their contexts. Discuss this statement. Texts are fundamentally expressions of the composers contextual concerns, where differing perspectives upon similar issues provide insight into the values prevalent in the composers time. Fritz Langs expressionist film Metropolis (1927) and George Orwells dystopian satire novel Nineteen Eighty-Four (1984) (1949) are linked by their shared exploration of technological advances and social structures that restrict individual autonomy. Lang is optimistic about societal reform whereas Orwell completely rejects the possibility of a cohesive world, revealing the shift in context from Weimar optimism to post-war nihilism. Therefore, a thorough study of the conceptual connections between these texts ultimately allows us to attain an enhanced appreciation of their composers intertextual perspectives on universal concerns. Despite their differing contexts, both composers highlight the dehumanising nature of totalitarian regimes within society. Langs depiction of German expressionism in Metropolis displays the extensive disparities of class that occurs due to the existence of autocratic power. Set in a dystopian future world, Master Joh Fredersons complete control of the capitalistic Metropolis is exemplified through the juxtaposition of the underclass labourers in the Depths, a subterranean workers city while the aristocratic, wealthy industrialists high in the heavens rule over them tyrannically, symbolically representing the oppression of the inferior lower class. This notion parallels the social inequality in 1920s Germany where hyperinflation induced by the Weimar Republics poor economic management led to immense social disparity. Furthermore, the hedonistic behaviour of the upper class in the Golden 20s is epitomised in the privileged life of Freder, depicted by the extreme long shot of the Eterna l Gardens. In contrast, the mise-en-scene coupled with the slow, uninspiring body language of the workers during shift change illustrates the lack of individuality within the working class. Thus, Lang skilfully allows the audience to empathise with the workers by highlighting this perspective, allowing for insight into how totalitarian regimes necessitate conformity as shaped by the context. Orwell mirrors the ramifications of harsh political regimes on the individual and echoes the qualities of the prevalent communist ideology as he examines the psychological impacts of politically enforced conformity on the individual, emphasised by his personal experiences with fascism and his socialist agenda. The totalitarian rule of Oceania, governed by the omnipotent and omniscient Party employs the use of propaganda such as Big Brother and Newspeak to manipulate people, leading to a society in which the people unquestioningly obey their government and mindlessly accept propaganda as reality, similarly represented during Stalins arbitrary governance in Soviet Russia. The complete suppression of independent thought is described through anaphora in Thoughtcrime does not entail death: thoughtcrime IS death provides parallels to the contextual deprivation of freedom of speech as facilitated by Soviet governance. Orwell employs the protagonist, Winston Smith, to rebel against the Party s doctrine, paralleling the mass uprising in Metropolis, through his blow struck against the Party political act as his subversion culminates in a sexual relationship with Julia which challenges how the Party, and similar dictatorships in Orwells context, suppress human sexuality and relationships. However, Winstons attempt is rendered futile as the psychological and physical torture instigated by the Party in the novels poignant culmination results in Winston succumbing to the totalitarian rule when he states with an accepting tone of voice that He loved Big Brother. Talent Management and Acquisition: Human Resource Management Talent Management and Acquisition: Human Resource Management Before going into the discussion on Talent Management, it would be apt to understand the word Talent. Talent in general terms refers to the capabilities, skills or the art, a person possess in a particular field. It also refers to those people who have high potential, scarce knowledge and skill or who can successfully bring about transformation and change in the organization. Talent management refers to the process of developing and integrating new workers, developing and retaining current workers, and attracting highly skilled workers to work for a company. Coming to the word Talent Management in an Organisation, it refers to those special steps an organization adopts to recruit, develop and retain its pool of top talent. The steps adopted should normally be creative and should not project bureaucracy. Talent Management also denotes a deliberate approach taken up by an organization to attract, develop and retain people with the aptitude and abilities to meet not only the current requirements but also future organizational needs. In todays talent-hungry market scenario, one of the greatest challenges that organizations are facing is to successfully attract, assess, train and retain talented employees. Talent Management encompasses in itself the entire process of Planning, Recruiting, Developing, Managing, and Compensating employees throughout the organization. Organizations have realized the need for talent management and are now focusing to develop and retain the existing talent in their organization rather than trying to acquire a new talent because the cost of identifying, developing and retaining the talent internally is more cost effective instead of replacing the talent which is lost from external market. Though it may appear initially that in the process of retaining talent, we are spending more in terms of increased wages, rewards and recognition, when we practically analyse, the cost of acquiring a new talent is higher. Apart from higher cost of acquiring the new talent it has to additionally face the initial hiccups of this new employee getting along with the organizational goals and strategies. Every business unit is making sure that they can respond and withstand the challenges of talent crisis by developing an effective talent management strategy like identifying the key talented people in the organization, cultivating and developing the skill of their present workforce and retaining highly talented employees by protecting them from competitors. HISTORY OF TALENT MANAGEMENT The origins of Talent Management can be traced to the 1990s with the realization of the immense value of the Human Asset for organizational success surpassing every other resource. Today it is a very widely used terminology with Google returning about 26,300,000 results. Many companies commit the mistake of putting a herculean effort in attracting the best employees but fritter away this valuable resource by not making any effort to develop or retain them. Companies have initially thought of talent management as a means to solve high employee turnover. In course of time it has become part and parcel of the corporate strategy itself with a key responsibility placed on the line managers. One cannot wish away the fact that these managers have to play a pivotal role in nurturing the talents and skills of those reporting to them. In other words, it is a case of joint trusteeship between the line and staff functions. However, in Indian Companies, talent management is of fairly recent origi n. Talent Management Process Organizations are made up of people: people creating value through proven business processes, innovation, customer service, sales, and many other important activities. As an organization strives to meet its business goals, it must make sure that it has a continuous and integrated process for recruiting, training, managing, supporting, and compensating these people. The following chart shows the complete process: Creative ways to innovate Talent Acquisition There are seven creative ways to innovate Talent Acquisition which is mention here:- Talent Acquisition Strategy Outsource Internally: A clever way is to get someone else to do your job. Its a clever way of finding the right person for a position while adding to the insurance of a successful hire. Involve the hiring manager, the superiors, the subordinates this persons work will affect. Collect their ideas for increasing productivity, satisfaction and success. What skills are required? What personal traits will be helpful? What strengths are already on the team? Which might be missing? Translate this input into the skills and personality attributes that tell you exactly what to look for in a candidate. Market your openings in ways you may not have tried before, and build relationships to reach people youve never reached before. Set up an employment interest station in your lobby, at tradeshows, or conferences. Give your business cards to salespeople, or anyone who can evangelize employment, or who may come across colleagues, or even customers, interested in employment with your company. Think like a talent scout, and open your recruiting efforts up to extend beyond the familiar grounds for sourcing talent. Create a widespread referral network that works continuously. Recent hires, association colleagues, retirees and high performers who have left your company are all excellent points of reference. Consider putting up wanted posters, describing your ideal candidate, complete with a cash reward. The reward gets split among all referrers in a line that lead to a successful hire. There can also be other incentive referral programs, like points awarded for referrals, with redemption for prizes, travel, or paid vacation days. However its implemented, the key ingredient is people reaching out to other people. Really interact with people who show interest in joining your company. Job seekers, both active and passive, are a fountain of information about your business, your industry, your competition and your customers. If you develop the approach of treating your interested job seekers like you would treat prospective customers, this can become second nature. Forget about auto-responders on email, or generic postcards. These can actually confirm an applicants suspicion of being a number rather than a valued prospective employee. Create an easy, non-intimidating talent collector that makes it easy for people to explore your company, what its about, what its like to work for. The best place to do this is your company website, with its global reach, and endless possibilities for communication and relationship building around the clock. Move the Careers area to a prominent position on your site. Turn around your application process, reduce your workload and find the right people for open positions fast by having interested job seekers create a profile of themselves. You can collect more information specific to your companys hiring objectives, and also begin to turn the workload in your favour by not having to respond to each individual application. This way, you can build your talent pool exponentially to always have a ready source to search for current and coming position openings. REVIEW OF LITERATURE OF TALENT MANGEMENT AND TALENT ACQUISITION While study of talent management and talent acquisition. I have been read some articles; Review of literature some mentioning her Business Editors High Tech Writers,Dec4,1998 We are a marketing and communications company with Internet and interactive businesses at our core, said Werner Haase, co-chairman and chief executive officer of Exceed, Inc. Whether our clients are looking for ecommerce solutions, or communication strategy and execution for mergers, acquisitions, corporate branding, Web development, human resources or consulting services, weve got the talent to deliver. Ian Cunningham,2007 This paper explores ways in which organizations can take a systemic stance on talent management. The article is based on work done in a variety of organizations plus research in HR functions. The need is for a systemic approach to talent management. Just focusing on talent acquisition is misguided and unhelpful. The article has real practical implications for leaders/managers and learning and development professionals in setting up a functional strategy for talent management. The article will be of value to managers and learning specialists who are involved in talent management strategy. Business Finance Week, Atlanta, Feb 18, 2008 In the paper, McCoy says that in both good economies and in times of economic uncertainty, it is incumbent upon senior management and human resource (HR) leaders to be smart about the resources they hire and ensure their organizations workforce is structured for flexibility and maximum productivity. PR Newswire, New York, Mar 5, 2008 A January 15, 2008 Wall Street Journal article (Demand Rises for Talent Management Software) identifies one of many issues that shine a spotlight on the looming talent crisis: a labour shortage in industries across the board caused by the aging of the Baby Boomer generation and a decline in worker satisfaction. The Banker, London, Jul 2008 Outsourcing requires the same commitment to understanding organisational goals, due diligence and governance as a merger, acquisition, or strategic partnership. Before any outsourcing initiative is undertaken, there needs to be a clear vision of how the project enhances stakeholder value. Infosys finds that its most successful clients have a well-thought-out, long-term, strategic sourcing plan that focuses less on cost savings and more on leveraging global talent and industry expertise. This article discusses location strategy while considering global sourcing. Steven Land berg, Jan 2010 Positions on what can a corporate hiring executive learn from sports teams an approach to talent acquisition is answered. When pursuing talent acquisition, executives can observe some interesting analogies and learn some lessons from sports teams. First, talent selection and acquisition is recognized as one of the most critical aspects for success in a sports organization. Sports teams frequently acquire free agents that have moved amongst a number of teams with the understanding that many of those moves are not necessarily the choice of the player. Chris serres,Jan24,2010 Two years of brutal downsizing and consolidation on Wall Street, combined with the disappearance of such storied firms as Lehman Brothers and Bear Stearns, as well as a slew of regional investment banks, have given Piper the opportunity to play on a bigger stage, according to industry analysts. Piper declined to comment for this article, citing a company policy against discussing its financial performance or other material non-public information in advance of earnings. PR Newswire, New York, Apr 26, 2010 Media Link LLC has launched an Executive Search Practice and hired Christopher Nutile, one of the most respected professionals in the executive search and talent acquisition sector, to run it as Director of Executive Search, it was announced today by Media Link Chairman CEO Michael Kassan and President COO Wenda Harris Millard Business Wire, New York, Apr 28, 2010 In creating i-GRasp 3.0 we incorporated many of the features that customers said were vital to them in terms of increasing recruiter productivity, reducing operating and IT costs through enhancing self-configuration capabilities, and providing a great candidate experience as they step up recruitment activity in the face of economic recovery. Step Stone Solutions on-demand (SaaS) software and services enable organisations to implement efficient processes, including: attraction and hiring, post-hire talent management, performance management, compensation management, skills and competency management, career and succession planning, training and development management. Recent trends in talent management Attracting qualified talent is the critical first step in the talent management cycle. Jobs are plenty, finding the right candidate is the challenge. The need is to sell a job. Having sold the job well, retaining good employees is the next challenge that arises. And the companys brand image makes these tasks easier. Hence the marriage of compulsion arises between HR and marketing principles-employer branding. As we know that we get good customers with a good brand. In the same way companies must develop their image in the society by implementing the best practices in each and every aspect. Employer branding therefore helps a company attract, recruit, and retain employees that if wants and is becoming increasingly important in attracting and retaining star performers in a talent-tight market. Employer branding is not different from (branding a product or service and the payoff are identical. Some of them are product service branding customer acquisition is easier Increased retention possible Loyal customers Less price sensitive customers Employer branding Recruiting people is easier Reduced employee churn Committed employees Less CTC sensitive employees Selecting Talent An effective retention strategy begins at the earlier stages of the recruitment selection process. This is true because most of the employee turnover happens due to poor chemistry or bed fit. The research indicates that most of the people leave organizations due to the mistakes made during the hiring phase. For this reason some smart companies are adopting the strategy of hire for attitude train for skill. They have realized that it is easier to develop the skills capabilities that an employee needs than to attempt to change the employees personality or mind set. For instance, although Infosys receives about twice the number of application as its competitors it is very selective in recruiting employees. In the financial for 2004-2005, it received close to one million resumes which went through rigorous selection process and offers were made to about 1.5% of the applicants. Infosys looks at candidates who display a high degree of learnability. Indian company was selecting a senior marketing manager after the candidate had gone through several rounds of interviews. The company had identified the person they thought was the right one for the job and was on the verge of making an offer. Retaining Talent In present scenario people choose companies which have congenial atmosphere and prefer change if they dont get desirable, as it may hinder the growth and success of the company. Hence retention is vital than recruitment. The attrition rate of employees in organization is alarming. Take any industry, any sector, any organization and you can find more than enough examples of employees joining and leaving their workplace. All this adds to the worry of HR managers who are only left with the option of scratching their heads and singing no mercys all-time hit-where do you go? Thus it is an organizations ability not only to recruit, but also to cultivate and retain, talent that will ultimately determine its longevity. Two major trends point to the growing importance of employee retention as an important HR issue. Cost of Employee Turnover Turnover is important because it costs the organization money in direct expenses to recruit and train new hires and indirect expenses to pay overtime for remaining workers, when necessary, and in opportunity cost of lost production. With a 10 per cent turnover rate per year and on average individual pay level of $40,000 might be expected to spend between $ 4 million and $ 8 million per year on turnover-related costs. Talent management involves in 1. Recruiting- Does the firm have a formal recruitment processes to recruit internally or externally? 2. Career Management- Is there clarity in the career path for the employees? 3. Succession Planning- Are there clear-cut plans for who steps into which position at which time. This involves matching current potentials with future organizational demands. 4. Performance Management- This should be able to tell us how each staff performs in his/her present responsibilities. A very good performance Management should be able to unfold the following; those who need to be rewarded, those who need to be cautioned, those who need additional responsibilities, Staff training and development needs, Promotions, Demotions etc. 5. Reward Management- Talent Management will not succeed without a system that clearly defines performance results. Average, Superior and Outstanding performers in an organization should be rewarded differently otherwise outstanding performers for instance will not be motivated to work harder. Todays Top 10 Talent-Management Chalenges Attracting and retaining enough employees at all levels to meet the needs of organic and inorganic growth All three companies are facing a talent crunch. Essar, for example, has grown from 20 thousand employees to a staggering 60 thousand in the past 3 years. Fifty-five per cent of their employees have less than two years of tenure. Creating a value proposition that appeals to multiple generations With four generations in todays workplace, most companies are struggling to create an employee experience that appeals to individuals with diverse needs, preferences and assumptions. Developing a robust leadership pipeline I believe one of the biggest potential threats to many corporations is a lack of a robust talent pool from which to select future leaders. This is in part a numbers issue. Rounding out the capabilities of hires who lack the breadth of necessary for global leadership Its relatively straightforward to identify and assess experts in specific functional or technical arenas, but much more difficult to determine whether those individuals have the people skills, leadership capabilities, business breadth, and global diversity sensibilities required for the nature of leadership today. Transferring key knowledge and relationships The looming retirement of a significant portion of the workforce challenges all companies, but particularly those who are dependent on the strength of tacit knowledge, such as that embedded in customer relationships, a key to Mercers business success. Stemming the exodus of Gen Xers from corporate life A big threat in many firms today is the exodus of mid-career talent-people in whom the organization has invested heavily and in whom it has pinned its hopes for future leadership. Redesigning talent management practices to attract and retain Gen Ys The challenge of calibrating talent management practices and programs to attract and engage our young entrants is critically important to all firms. Creating a workplace that is open to Boomers in their second careers. Age prejudice still exists, but smart companies are looking for ways to incorporate the talents of Boomers and even older workers in the workforce. In many cases, this requires rethinking roles and work relationships. Overcoming a norm of short tenure and frequent movement Some industries, such as specialty retail, are known for having a very disposable view of talent. Companies intent on changing that norm, such as The Gap, must address both external influences in the marketplace and an internal mind set. Enlisting executives who dont appreciate the challenge Many talent executives complain that business leaders still believe that people are lined up outside the door because of the power of the companys brand. The challenge of enlisting the support of all executives for the transition from a talent culture that has traditionally operated with a buy strategy to one that places more emphasis on build is widely shared. CRITICAL APPRAISAL Firstly I want to discuss about Critical appraisal. It is the process of carefully and systematically examining research to judge its trustworthiness, and its value and relevance in a particular context. When I study some the articles of talent management and talent acquisition then I find something which is helpful in company to solve the problem related to talent management and talent actuation issue. 1. Costs The costs of having to replace someone with scarce skills are considerable. Firstly, the Recruitment costs are substantial. Qualified staffs, especially Blacks and Women, are not freely available in the market place. This means that agencies or search consultants are required to find such talent and they are expensive. Further costs are incurred during the first 3 6 months of employment during which new staff are seldom fully functional 2. Risk Despite every attempt to follow effective selection practices, there is always a risk that new staff will not perform as expected. It is often said that while organisations select people on their competence and experience, they fire or lose them due to lack of cultural fit. A highly competent professional who is unable to fit the organisational culture is unlikely to be effective or remain for long. This is particularly true in respect of HDIs entering a firm which has been historically white and or male dominated. Client Service and Opportunity Costs In a service organisation service excellence relies largely on personal relationships. It demands that clients feel confident in the people providing the service and that service providers have a memory of client needs and issues. If that relationship is broken as a result of key talent leaving the organisation, the capacity of the firm to provide sustainable service is severely compromised. This has the potential to compromise future business with the associated opportunity costs Lack of Capacity Lack of people with suitable skills and talent is a key restraint in terms of service capacity. This manifests itself at 2 levels. Firstly, firms soon reach a state of overload. Deadlines are missed, standards and quality of work drop and a vicious cycle emerges and feeds on itself. This is a very common phenomenon with small and medium sized professional firms. They do not have the capacity to manage their growth or the peaks and valleys associated with the modern business world. Secondly, the firm is so consumed with meeting operational deadlines that it loses its ability to keep up to date with latest best practice, legislation or other issues demanding new skills. In this case clients will soon recognise that mistakes are made due to lack of currency of skills. These are some of the more visible risks to firms who do not pay attention to the attraction, growth and retention of key talent. Beyond the visible, other manifestations of the problem arise. Staff morale declines because leadership talent is absent and this energy drop is transferred to the client. Internal politics and protection of territory or unwillingness to share information and surface problems affect the functioning of the firm. All of these things affect the ability of the organisation to offer great service and take advantage of opportunities to grow Conclusion When I study then I decided that the attraction, growth and retention of talent are a key success factor for modern service based knowledge organisations. To be known as an employer of choice is considered a key organisational goal with direct benefits. Whether is a small accounting firm or a large consulting organisation there are certain processes that need to be applied for effective talent management. However, research has shown consistently that the most important factor that influences a persons decision to stay or leave an organisation is the relationship with their boss. Other key factors are opportunities for personal growth and career development, the culture of the organisation in terms of facilitating innovation and the nature of the work itself South African organisations, large or small, have an obligation to the country and to themselves to grow the professional skills required for economic growth and competitive advantage.